The 2000 range from ¹ January 2000 to 31 December 2009. This decade has been dominated by several major issues, including international trade , concerns around energy resources and global warming , exploding field of telecommunications , the international terrorism and escalating social problems of the 1990s.

At the economic level, the developments have toured extensively around the explosion of economic power and political potential of Asia, with China which has experienced economic growth phenomenal, making a world power and a huge market of a billion people. The India , like other developing countries, has seen its economy grow dramatically and adjust to that of developed countries. A trend linking political and economic elements is increasing demand for fossil fuels , which itself has created two sub-trends: an increase in the price of petroleum products , and an attempt by governments and businesses to promote the development of "green" technologies.

Technological advances of the 2000s are significant, particularly in the field of consumer electronics: the rapid development of power and functionality of personal computers , widespread adoption of Internet high-speed, mobile phones , and digital cameras and various devices portable data storage and music. With the wireless telephone, email has become in the eyes of the majority rather a necessity than a luxury. The development of social networking websites like Facebook and MySpace also allowed people to stay in touch with family, friends and colleagues anywhere on the planet. Internet use for commercial purposes has also been popularized, replacing more traditional ways of procuring goods and services.

Many of the major political events of the 2000s revolved around the war against terrorism, launched after the attacks of September 11, 2001. These issues have monopolized the public, sparking intense debate. The War in Afghanistan began in October 2001 , and causes a conflict in North-West Pakistan , which intensified at the end of the decade. The Iraq war , launched in 2003 , has generated controversy around the Earth, many doubted the real motivations of the United States in the onset of the invasion. This war, as the Israeli-Lebanese conflict of 2006 and the 2008-2009 war in Gaza , have raised tensions in the Middle East. The North Korean nuclear crisis has created by withdrawing from the Nuclear Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and carrying out nuclear tests.

Among the social issues include the gay marriage (which has been legalized in several Western countries, including Canada , the Netherlands , the Belgium and Spain ), as well as gender equality , the rights and the health care.

The end of the decade was marked by a global financial crisis followed by a global economic crisis.

War and Conflict

Wars

The World Trade Center in New York during the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001.

The attacks of 11 September 2001 have profoundly marked the history. They started a war against terrorism with the war in Afghanistan (2001-2009) and Iraq War (2003-2009). The latter has caused the ouster of Saddam Hussein in 2003. As for the war in Afghanistan, it causes a conflict in the north-western Pakistan after a few battles that began in 2004 , actually intensified from 2007 and 2009.

The second Congo war is over in 2003.

In 2008, a military conflict between Russia and Georgia , resulting in recognition of the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by Russia.

The war in Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo since 2004 between the regular forces of the army and rebels ( National Congress for the Defence of the People ).

To the west of Sudan , the civil war in Darfur due to ethnic tensions have led to the genocide of 300,000 people and caused millions of refugees and displaced since 2003. The victims have fled Darfur to other parts of Sudan or Chad.

Terrorism

The terrorism is global.

Al-Qaida or Islamic groups claiming independent or are suspected in the Bali bombings October 12, 2002, the attacks of March 11, 2004 in Madrid , the July 7 bombings in London in 2005 , the suicide bombings in Istanbul in November 2003 the November 2008 attacks in Mumbai and many others in Iraq , in Algeria , in Pakistan , in India , in Palestine and Israel ...

Two hostage taking have also marked the decade, taking hostages in Moscow theater in October 2002 and the hostage crisis in Beslan in North Ossetia in September 2004. These two taken hostage involved separatists in Chechnya. Both hostage-taking ended in an assault by the Russian army.

Conflicts

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict continues. The Hamas took control of the Gaza Strip.

Ingrid Betancourt , a journalist detained for 7 years, France represents all men and women detained, kidnapped or killed in conflict.

Geopolitics

Barack Obama , the first mixed race President of the United States of America, elected in 2008

The international scene has been marked by many politicians: George W. Bush , President of the United States of America from 2001 to 2009, achieved a double mandate marked by wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Vladimir Putin dominates Russian politics, as President of the Russian Federation until 2008 and the government since. It may also appoint Nicolas Sarkozy , Tony Blair , Jos Mara Aznar , Hugo Chavez , Hu Jintao , Silvio Berlusconi , Stephen Harper ...

A noticeable trend is towards more equal opportunities within the major politicians, for example with the election of the first mixed race in the United States of America as president , Barack Obama on 4 November 2008 , the U.S. election campaign has also be expected due to a possible first woman president, with the candidacy of Hillary Clinton. In Germany, Angela Merkel became the first woman Chancellor. The evolution of political figures is also towards greater consideration of the environment. Al Gore embodies this change, and gets the Nobel Prize for Peace in 2007.

Other leaders are renowned for their radicalism, like Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in Iran, Saddam Hussein in Iraq or George W. Bush in the United States. In the war against terrorism, Osama bin Laden claims the attacks of September 11, 2001 and still being sought. Conflicts and tensions are becoming more complex: Europe is divided over participation in the Iraq conflict, and new power relations between Asia and Africa are emerging (purchase of land, pirates ...) and finally, the arrival of Barack Obama marks a turning point in U.S. strategy (opening to Iran, taken back to Israel, the withdrawal of troops in Iraq).

The European constitution was rejected by France and the Netherlands after a referendum ( 2005 ). The Lisbon Treaty is adopted to improve the Treaty of Maastricht and Nice on the Functioning of the European Union comes into force on 1 December 2009. Belgium saw a political crisis since 2007, with the resignation of his government in 2008.

The G20 replaces the G8 (2009), marking a turning point in connection with the rise of major Asian countries including China.

On the religious, John Paul II gave way to German pope Benedict XVI to his death in 2005. The Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso has remained very active on the international scene during the decade, despite his exile.

Economy

Impact of financial crisis on the world.

The decade was marked by strong economic growth in China and India. China joins the World Trade Organization on ¹ January 2002. With an average annual growth rate exceeding 10%, the Chinese economy is sometimes considered too hot, while exports are very important, especially to the United States.

The Euro becomes the single currency euro zone members (sixteen Member States) in the European Union in 2002. The euro / dollar has become a leading indicator. In October 2000, the euro is at its lowest price ever with 1 EUR = 0.8252 USD, and in July 2008, its highest short with 1 EUR = 1.6038 USD.

The world knows the decade's biggest financial crisis since 1930. The Subprime Crisis and the 2008-2009 economic crisis plunged many countries into recession, because of globalization. The impact is still felt in the next decade.

Natural disasters

Seen from space of Hurricane Katrina arriving on North American shores.

• Earthquake and Tsunami in Southeast Asia.
• Earthquake in Bam in Iran in 2003.
• 2005 earthquake in Kashmir.
• Cyclone in Burma in 2008.
• Hurricane Katrina.
• Earthquake in China in 2008.
• Influenza A (H1N1) (2009).

Health and Social Issues

In terms of health, much of the world's population remains in very precarious conditions, without access to safe water or sanitation and with frequent malnutrition or undernutrition ( World Food Crisis of 2007-2008 ). The AIDS continues to increase worldwide, despite improved availability and coverage of health interventions ^Environment

Awareness of the dangers of global warming is international commitments to fight against this phenomenon is being gradually, Europe and the United States of America to the arrival of Barack Obama.

Events of company

The globalization is still very active, but new criteria are requested by the consumer ( organic , fair trade , labels "green", especially in developed countries. The countries of Southeast Asia , rapidly developing, are experiencing a surge of interest. The Middle East , but especially the UAE have developed greatly, despite a further challenge to the U.S. model and the American way of life (including the all-car ").

The advent of new media (electronic media, Blog, Youtube Web 2.0 ) competes with traditional media (television, newspapers, paper). Television is marked by the beginning of reality TV.

Both figures are the basis of the explosion of computer and digital Bill Gates , Microsoft founder and Steve Jobs , co-founder of Apple and Pixar animation studio.

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Digital Revolution

It is probably in the digital world that the greatest changes taking place in the decade, triggering a cultural revolution. The use of Internet and high speed ( ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) to popularize. Computers become more powerful, and the development of bus USB 2.0 in 2000 and 3.0 in 2008, faster, and the development of SG cards or Wi-Fi , allows the generalization of many tools in interaction with the computer, as ' digital camera , the digital music player or digital books. The decade was also marked by the advent of Web 2.0 , with for example the creation of the encyclopedia in 2001, the emergence of online video sites like Youtube and Dailymotion in 2005, the development of social networking sites like MySpace in 2003 and Facebook in 2004 and Twitter in 2006, and the success of the computer company Google (search engine and software).

In parallel with these new tools for sharing and use of digital data, digital rights management (DRM) and the fight against illegal downloading are growing, as well as free software.

The mobile phone is also commonplace in the world, as well as unlimited phone. Smart phones or smartphones are introduced in 2001, but the volume really exploded in 2007 with the arrival of the iPhone. In 10 years, the number of mobile phones has increased from 500 to 4600 million .

The Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) is launched. With the development of Internet broadband, cable TV is growing. The flat TV screens becoming more common and emphasize the improvement of image quality related to broadband (images HD high definition ). Released in 2000, the first flat panel displays using plasma technology and were very expensive. In 2008, the majority of flat panel displays are LCD type, and cost more than fifteen times cheaper. CRTs accounted for only 3% of the market . The DVD is growing, and media center are introduced on the market.

Following the development of geographic information systems (GIS), the personal computer ( PDA , GPS , etc..) appears.

The digital revolution, considered the fourth scientific revolution after they switched from the discoveries of Copernicus , Darwin and Freud , led to the information age. Media and information processing are changing with the development of newspapers, radios and digital televisions, and blogs. The " blogosphere "is growing and allows everyone to express their individuality in a world of" mass ". The world is becoming more interactive, artificially "alive" or "smart" (inventions of machines, appliances connected) .

The electrical and electronic equipment are still in the 2000s a limited lifespan. Their composition is harmful (presence of heavy metals that can cause pollution at the landfill), growth is rapid in the world. Their production and use requires many resources (he had 240 kg of fossil fuel, 20 kg of chemicals and 1.5 tonnes of water to produce a computer and screen) and recycling is limited. Equipment and electronic waste in the digital age therefore become a global problem for human health and the environment .

Natural Sciences

Of new bird species are discovered and described during the early years of the decade. Micro-organisms are also found in the Mariana Trench in 2005.

Discoveries about enzymes such as telomerase (identification of the 3D structure in 2000) suggest progress in the fight against cancer. Different techniques allow earlier detection of cancers. The medicine is also progressing in organ transplantation (including transplantation of faces).

Several genealogical research (identification of human remains as those of Copernicus in 2008) and archaeological (information about the type Homo including the Neanderthals ) are refined.

Scientific advances also in the field of astronomy. We discover the presence of water ice on the Moon and March , and detecting new planets outside the solar system (about 300 in 2008 ).

In climatology, one discovers that some effects of global warming have been underestimated. For example, the ice melts more quickly than previously thought.

Geography

The mapping of seabed is clarified. We discover a volcano inactive submarine south-west of Sicily in 2006.

Engineering

The 2000s saw the construction of the largest buildings ever built ( bridges , dams , skyscrapers ...). Of thermal regulations into place to improve insulation and reduce energy consumption in new buildings. The green building is growing, with research on healthy materials and / or low embodied energy.

Sport

Several men set record highs and mark in sports this decade: Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal in tennis, Michael Phelps in swimming (especially at the Beijing Olympics), Zinedine Zidane at the beginning of the decade in football, Usain Bolt and Hicham El Guerrouj Track and Field, Lance Armstrong in cycling, Michael Schumacher in motor racing.

Olympics

Summer Olympics

• Sydney Olympics of 2000
• Athens Olympics of 2004
• Beijing Olympics of 2008

Winter Olympics

• Salt Lake City Olympics of 2002
• a href = "JO_de_Turin" alt = "Games in Turin" class = "mw-redirect"> Olympics Turin 2006
• Vancouver Olympic Games of 2010

Football

World Cups

• The Brazil is world champion of football in 2002
• The Italy is world champion football 2006

Continental Cups

• The France wins the Euro 2000
• The Japan won the Asian Cup of Nations football 2000 and 2004
• The Cameroon won the African Nations Cup football 2000 and 2002
• The British won the Copa Amrica 2001
• The Greece wins the Euro 2004
• The Brazil won the Copa Amrica 2004 and 2007
• The Tunisia won the African Cup of Nations 2004 football
• The Egypt wins African Cup of Nations Cup 2006 and 2008
• The Iraq won the Asian Cup of Nations football 2007
• The Spain wins the Euro 2008

Rugby

• The UK is world champion rugby 2003
• The South Africa is world champion rugby 2007

Culture

Music

For the first time since the 1950's , the music is no longer governed by the creation of a new kind of guide to major trends and attractions. The 2000s were marked by a general return to the successes of yesteryear, more conducive to returns of artists such as Madness , Carlos Santana , as well as the gradual blurring of barriers between genres become commonplace hybrid genres such that the electro-pop ( Calvin Harris , Empire of the Sun ), the rap rock ( Street Sweeper Social Club ) or the electro rock ( Muse , Justice ).

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