• 2 - 13 November : Conference on global warming , to Buenos Aires.
• December ¹ : United Nations Conference on the greenhouse at Kyoto : 160 countries agree to a reduction of 5.2% of greenhouse gas greenhouse effect by 2012 (see Kyoto Protocol ).
• December 13 : The WTO decided to liberalize financial flows from March 1999.
• 3 - 4 December : Conference with Ottawa. Treaty on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Antipersonnel Mines and on Their Destruction, signed in Ottawa. Thirty-five countries are signatory to the treaty entered into force on ¹ March 1999. Fifty other countries have not signed, including the U.S. , the Russia and China.

• The climate phenomenon El Nio cause major disruptions.

Africa

• April 11 : Union Government and reconciliation in Angola after 20 years of civil war.
• May 17 : Troops of the ADFL come to Kinshasa. Victory of Laurent-Desire Kabila after several weeks of fighting in Zaire , which (re) becomes the Democratic Republic of Congo.
• May 25 : Coup in Sierra Leone during the civil war , forcing into exile the elected President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah. Johnny Paul Koroma was freed.
• June 5 : Civil War in Republic of Congo.
• June 8 : Alpha Oumar Konare , President of the Republic of Mali , began a second five-year term.
• August 2 : Charles Taylor , president of Liberia.
• August 29 : Intervention by a force of interposition West Africa to restore President of Sierra Leone, Ahmad Tejan Kabbah driven by mutinous soldiers.
• September 8 : The Democratic Republic of the Congo adheres to the SADC. The Seychelles adhere to SADC but leave ¹ July 2004.
• September 22 : Massacre Bentalha village is 20 km in the suburbs of Algiers. Over 800 dead in one night.
• November 4 : U.S. Embargo on Sudan , because of supporting terrorism.
• October 16 : Taking power by force by Denis Sassou-Nguesso in Congo ( Brazzaville ).
• October 24 : Clear victory for President Zeroual local elections in Algeria.
• October 25 : Denis Sassou-Nguesso took power in Congo - Brazzaville after the victory of his militia.

• The average African is 7% of income in developed countries mortality rates of children and adolescents are respectively 105 and 169 per thousand in Africa. There are 16 physicians per 100,000 inhabitants.

America

April 17 : Flood of the Red River of the North.

• January 8 : Ramzi Yousef , the brain of the 1993 bombing against the World Trade Center , was sentenced to life imprisonment.
• January 20 : In his second inaugural address, Bill Clinton advocated "a new governance for a new century."
• March 9 : Murder of rapper Notorious BIG.
• April : Flood of the Red River of the North.
• June 2 : Death sentence of Timothy McVeigh , perpetrator of the Oklahoma City bombing.
• July ¹ : Boeing-McDonnell Douglas Merger.
• July 6 : Victory for the opposition Mexican legislative elections, against the PRI.
• July 30 : The Dow Jones to 8255 points.
• August 6 : Microsoft enters the capital of Apple.
• In August, a victory of the strikers of UPS to the United States.
• 9 - September 17 : Hurricane Linda in the northeast Pacific
• 21 - Oct. 28 : Start of crashes in Hong Kong, Wall Street and in Latin America.
• October 27 : Mini-crash. The Dow Jones lost 554 points on Oct. 27.
• October 28 - November 2 : Visit of Jiang Zemin to the United States.
• October 29 : The United States decided that they could export nuclear technology to China.

• Low inflation in the United States.
• Health of the U.S. economy. The GNP grew by nearly 4% per year in 1997 - 1999. Inflation appears under control thanks to the skilful management of the money supply and interest rates by the Federal Reserve System , under the leadership of Alan Greenspan. Unemployment drops to 4% by the end of the century. The technological advance in the branches of information and communication. Productivity begins to increase. The federal budget, after record-breaking deficit under Reagan and Bush, accumulating surpluses. The only downside is the deficit of trade balance. The weight of household consumption in national income may be too high because the net national savings fell to very low levels, resulting in an excessive reliance on debt.

Asia

July 2 : Asian economic crisis.

• February 4 : Benazir Bhutto is defeated in elections by Nawaz Sharif , leader of the Pakistan Muslim League (N).
• February 19 : Death of Deng Xiaoping.
• April 21 : Designation of a new Prime Minister in India : Inder Gujral Kumal.
• July ¹ : Return of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China.
• July 2 : Launch of a major stock exchange crisis in Asia , South East: Thailand leads other countries in crisis.
  • Asian crisis. Devaluation of the baht in Thailand. Currency risk is losing the confidence of investors who convert their assets into dollars , the country has more access to funding sources which had encouraged its growth until 1996. The devaluation of the baht increases the competitiveness of Thai products in the global market against its direct competitors in the same geographical area. By a chain reaction, neighbors ( Indonesia , South Korea , Malaysia , Philippines , Taiwan , Singapore ) are more obliged to follow the same path they have an identical fragility, associated with excess debt short term, alignment of the parity of their currencies to the dollar and the structural weakness of their banking system. The flight of foreign capital left the banks on the brink of bankruptcy because of credit, production fall, unemployment rises, poverty spreads, the middle class sees its standard of living decline substantially.
  • The South Korea is affected by the crisis in East Asia. The chaebol (large firms) have focused too much size over profitability. The government encourages them to focus on their strengths.
• July 6 : In Cambodia , Ung Huot was appointed Prime Minister.
• July 17 : The Untouchable (Dalit) KR Narayanan , President of the Republic of India.
• July 23 : The Laos and Burma adhering to the ASEAN.
• July 25 : Judged by his own, Pol Pot was sentenced to life imprisonment ^{Middle East}
  • January 15 : Washington Agreement between Palestinians and Israelis in the town of Hebron with the mediation of Hussein of Jordan . Deadlock in Israeli-Palestinian negotiations.
  • January 19 : Yasser Arafat enters Hebron. The Israeli military evacuated the two-thirds of the city. On the question of Palestinian autonomy, Israel offers only minimal withdrawals below the commitments made by Rabin.
  • Feb. 27 : Israel decides to build 6500 housing units reserved for Jews on the outskirts of East Jerusalem.
  • February 28 : Military coup in Turkey.
  • March 30 : Sanaa massacre , school shooting in Yemen.
  • May 23 : Win a moderate elections in Iran , Mohammad Khatami , with 69% of the vote (ended in 2001 ).
  • June 30 : Fall of the Prime Minister of Turkey Necmettin Erbakan.
  • July ¹ : The Australian Richard Butler was appointed head of UNSCOM. It requires the ability to visit the presidential palace. The Iraq refuses and accuses him of being of service to the United States.
  • July 30 : Attacks in Jerusalem killing 13 Israeli civilians. The government Netanyahu legalizes the use of torture against Palestinian suspects and seeking to remove the residence permits of Palestinians in Jerusalem.
  • July , Saudi Arabia : The number of advisory board members is increased to 90 .
  • October 29 : Premises of a new crisis between Iraq and the United States, on site visits by the Iraqi military UN inspectors. The Iraq expels U.S. members of UNSCOM.
  • November 6 : Failed Israeli-Palestinian talks to Washington.
  • November 17 : Attack deadliest Islamist against tourists in Luxor : 68 dead.
  • November 20 : After a Russian mediation ( November 18 ), Saddam Hussein accepts the return of U.S. members of UNSCOM, but demands that UNSCOM completes its inspections within six months. The United States refuses and prepare for new air actions.
  • 16 - November 18 : The fourth conference for economic development in the Middle East in Qatar is boycotted by most Arab countries . The United States believes that the peace process is in danger. The U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright calls for a pause in the settlement but Netanyahu , backed by the United States Congress , refused.

  Europe

  • January 9 : In Switzerland , a Intercantonal, whose entry into force in May 1999 , signed between the cantons of Fribourg , Geneva , Jura , Neuchtel , Valais and Vaud , creates a University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES- SO).
  • January 24 : Italy , appointment of a commission of 70 members, composed of deputies and senators, the Bicameral to reform the Constitution.
  • January : For weeks, hundreds of thousands of Yugoslavs protesting against electoral fraud practiced by Slobodan Milosevic during the municipal elections.
  • February 23 : Presentation to the UK from a cloned sheep Dolly (born July 1996)
  • February : Insurrection in Albania , following the collapse of a system of financial pyramids.
  • March 28 : The UN approves dispatch of a multinational force in Albania.
  • March 31 : Start of negotiations for the accession of new countries to the EU : Cyprus , Estonia , Hungary , Poland , Slovenia , Czech Republic
  • April ¹ : As of this date, the airline is the European deregulated.
  • May ¹ : Clear victory for Labor in the United Kingdom : Tony Blair replaces John Major.
  • May 6 : Autonomy of the Bank of England for setting interest rates.
  • May 25 : Referendum for " Padania ", organized in Italy by the Northern League of Umberto Bossi.
  • June 15 : Reelection of the President for 5 years Croatian Franjo Tudjman.
  • June 17 : To convince the Germans to abandon the Deutschmark , Helmut Kohl got his European partners that they conclude a " pact of stability and growth "based on limiting budget deficits and money creation needed to finance them.
  • 19 June : McLibel Case. "Disastrous victory" judicial McDonald's against two environmentalists UK: 68 000 won after an expenditure of 10 million pounds of defense and a very negative press campaign . The two environmentalists eventually win their cases in 2005
  • June 29 : Victory for the opposition in elections in Albania , President Sali Berisha is reversed, the symptoms subside in the country.
  • July 8 : Expansion planned for the NATO to Hungary , the Poland and the Czech Republic.
  • July 12 : Events monsters in all of Spain , including the Basque country , against the ETA after the murder of Miguel Angel Blanco.
  • July 24 : Resignation of Prime Minister of Albania Sali Berisha , repudiated by the voters.
  • 19 - Aug. 24 : Journey of John Paul II in France , during World Youth Days.
  • August 20 : The explosion of a port silo in Blaye killed 11 people and led to revise the regulation of A9e_pour_la_protection_de_l% C3% 27environnement "alt =" Installation classified for environmental protection "> classified facilities in France
  • August 31 : The Princess of Wales Lady Diana is killed in a car crash in Paris in the tunnel under the Pont de l'Alma, with her lover Dodi Al-Fayed and their chauffeur Henri Paul and bodyguard Fayed Trevor Rees-Jones.
  • September 11 : The yes vote (75%) in Scotland in a referendum for the creation of a parliament and opening up the legislative and fiscal autonomy.
  • September 17 : Pope John Paul II erected the Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Marseille ( Bouches-du-Rhone , France ) in minor basilica.
  • September 12 : Victory of the right in parliamentary elections in Poland.
  • September 18 : Short yes vote (50.3%) in Wales in a referendum on autonomy in the country.
  • September 26th : Earthquake in Assisi (Italy) in Italy.
  • October 2 : EU , signed the Treaty of Amsterdam.
  • October 9 , Italy : Following the refusal of Rifondazione Comunista to vote the draft budget law for 1998 (problems of social and deferring the reduction of working time), Romano Prodi resigns. The public reacts and the seat of Rifondazione Comunista is flooded with messages, faxes and phone calls condemning his policies. Bertinotti is then backtracked and agreed to vote the finance bill in exchange for promises 35-hour and pensions.
  • October 18 : Opening of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao.
  • October 31 : New government by Poland , led by Jerzy Buzek. The left must cede power to a majority of organized right around the resurgence of Solidarity , combined with a strong liberal.
  • November 14 : Act to end the primacy of the Catholic religion in Italy.
  • November 16 : Referendum approving the entry of Hungary into the NATO (85% yes).
  • Switzerland : Case unidentified bank accounts belonging to victims of Nazism.
  • Over 30% of British children live in poverty (13% in Germany and 12% in France).
  • The government Romano Prodi takes drastic steps that Italy entered the eurozone in 2000. The deficit rose from 6.7% to 2.7% in two years. The Italian people is the only in Europe to agree to pay a "European tax" that pays 12 500 billion lire.
  • "Great depression", steeper than one thousand nine hundred and twenty-nine - one thousand nine hundred and thirty-three , hit all the countries of Eastern Europe. In 1997, only Poland exceeds its level of industrial production in 1989. Everywhere else the performance is lower, the Albania , the Romania and Bulgaria are the countries most affected. The Czech Republic is stagnating. This depression comes from the decay of the tool of production in the face of globalization of trade. It could have been lessened if the economic space of the former COMECON , based on complementarities, was retained. But the rejection of the communist legacy and the rise of nationalism have closed these since 1990.
    • Inflation, after wreaking havoc at the beginning of economic transition, came to be controlled in most developed countries ( Poland , Hungary , Czech Republic ). The Bulgaria and Romania did not succeed in delaying the rise in consumer prices.
    • Unemployment is rising, but slower than we expected, given the decline in GDP: large firms inherited from the communist regime are not dismantled and retain much of their employees redundant.
    • The countries of the East, thanks to a well-educated workforce and labor costs affordable solution integrated into world trade. They need however to achieve higher productivity, develop an efficient transport network and build a modern banking system to rely on solid funding. The brake attitudes, ill-prepared for the transition is not negligible, especially in least developed countries.

  France

  Main article: 1997 in France.

  IRC

  • January 27 : Election of a moderate president in Chechnya : Maskhadov.
  • April 2 : Union Agreement between Russia and Belarus , in the cultural, military and socio economic.
  • May 27 : Signing of a charter between NATO and Russia on mutual security.
  • June 20 : Admission of Russia to the G7 , which becomes the G8.
  • September 17 : Russia is admitted to the Paris Club.
  • October 6 : Rescheduling of 33 billion debt to Russia.
  • November 11 : Reopening the pipeline crossing Chechnya.
  • Great Depression. The production of the CIS countries has been declining since 1989. Whole sectors of the economy are working far below their capacity, apart from the extractive industries of oil (mainly gas), all manufacturing industries have seen their sales collapse. Withdrawal of each republic, currency convertibility partition the large domestic market of the former USSR. The specialized plants are struggling to export to neighboring republics who were their clients, and to source inputs from their former suppliers. The trading system hangs gradually. The old equipment can be replaced, since adequate profit margins for investing. The collapse of production led to the fall in purchasing power. Domestic consumption is collapsing. Fortunately foreign demand for gas from oil and minerals gives countries possessing deposits of surplus in their trade balance.
    • If the majority of the population has grown poorer since 1989, a minority of newly rich, often from the nomenklatura , displays his taste for luxury. We are witnessing the collapse of ethical standards, the rise of mafia operations. Much international aid is diverted, placed in foreign banks, the sample from the highest echelons of power.

  Thematic Chronologies

  Main articles: Science, 1997 , 1997 in railways , aviation, 1997 , 1997 Sport and 1997 on computer.

  Arts and Culture

  Main articles: 1997 in film , music, 1997 , 1997, classical music , literature, 1997 , 1997, to theater , architecture, 1997 , 1997 in comics and on television in 1997.

  Nobel Prize

  • Nobel Prize in Physics : Claude Cohen-Tannoudji , Steven Chu and William D. Phillips
  • Chemistry Nobel Prize : Paul D. Boyer , John E. Walker and Jens C. Skou
  • Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine : Stanley B. Prusiner
  • Nobel Prize for Literature : Dario For
  • Nobel Prize for Peace : International Campaign to Ban Landmines and Jody Williams

  Births in 1997

  • January 24 : Jonah Bobo , acting U.S..
  • August 16 : Greyson Chance , American singer.

  Deaths in 1997

  

  

  Funeral of Lady Diana
  • January ¹ :
    • Franco Volpi , 75, Italian actor. (B. 11 July 1921 ).
    • Townes Van Zandt , American singer
  • January 5 : Andre Franquin , cartoonist Belgian.
  • January 10 : Sheldon Leonard , actor, director, producer.
  • January 12 : Jean-Edern Hallier , writer French.
  • January 16 : Juan Landazuri Ricketts , Peruvian Cardinal Archbishop of Lima (b. 19 December 1913 ).
  • January 17 : Clyde William Tombaugh , American astronomer.
  • Jan. 18 : Diana Lewis (in) , actress.
  • January 19 : Robert Chapatte , ( France , cycling and sports journalist).
  • January 21 : Colonel Parker , manager of stars, including Elvis Presley.
  • January 28 : Mikel Koliqi , Albanian Cardinal (b. 29 September 1902 ).
  • February 11 : Don Porter (fr) , actor.
  • February 19 : Deng Xiaoping , a dignitary of the People's Republic of China.
  • February 25 : Ugo Poletti , Italian cardinal, Cardinal Vicar of Rome (b. 19 April 1914 ).
  • March 9 :
    • Jean-Dominique Bauby , a French journalist, author of a book about his experience of locked-in syndrome , or entrapment syndrome.
    • The Notorious BIG , American rapper.
  • March 15 : Victor Vasarely , painter Hungarian.
  • March 17 : Robert A. Rushworth , USAF astronaut (b. 9 October 1924 ).
  • March 19 : Willem de Kooning , Dutch painter naturalized American (b. 24 April 1904 )
  • March 20 : Tony Zale , ( U.S. , Boxing ).
  • March 21 : Jean-Louis Goodheart , writer French.
  • March 31 : Lyman Spitzer , an astrophysicist U.S..
  • April 5 : Allen Ginsberg , poet.
  • April 16 :
    • Roland Topor , French illustrator and writer.
    • Francis Walder , Belgian writer of French expression.
  • May 5 : Walter Gotell , actor.
  • May 20 : Virgilio Barco , President of the Republic of Colombia from 1986 to 1990. (B. 17 September 1921 ).
  • May 29 : Jeff Buckley , singer, guitarist and musician. ( 17 November 1966 ).
  • June 10 : Son Sen (b. 12 June 1930 ) & Yun Yat (1934), ministers Khmer Rouge. Executed.
  • June 14 : Richard Jaeckel , actor.
  • June 25 : Jacques-Yves Cousteau , oceanographer French.
  • June 26 : Israel Kamakawiwo'ole , Hawaiian singer.
  • June 30 : Annie Fratellini , French circus personality (b. 14 November 1932 ).
  • July ¹ : Robert Mitchum , actor.
  • July 2 : James Stewart , actor, American (b. 1908 ).
  • July 10 : Miguel Angel Blanco , (murdered) by the ETA.
  • July 14 : Kressmann Taylor.
  • July 15 : Gianni Versace , fashion designer.
  • July 25 : Ben Hogan , ( U.S. , Golf ).
  • July 31 : Bao Dai , last emperor of Annam ( Vietnam ).
  • August 1 : Sviatoslav Richter , pianist Russian , 82 years
  • August 2 : Charles Bauza Donwahi , Ivorian politician, President of the National Assembly of Cote d'Ivoire.
  • August 4 : Jeanne Calment , the oldest person at 122 years.
  • August 10 : Marie-Soleil Tougas , Quebec actress at age 27.
  • August 16 : Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan , singer of Pakistan.
  • August 23 : Jean Poperen , French politician.
  • August 25 : Robert Pinget , Swiss-born French writer (b. 19 July 1919 ).
  • Aug. 31 : Diana, Princess of Wales , who died accidentally.
  • September 5 : Mother Teresa , humanist.
  • September 9
    • Burgess Meredith , actor.
    • Richie Ashburn (en) ( Baseball USA ).
  • Sept. 17 : Red Skelton , actor.
  • September 26 : Pierre-Andre de Wisches , painter ( France )
  • October 8 : George Montaron , Director of Christian Witness , President of the Syndicat de la Presse Parisienne weekly.
  • October 12 : John Denver , singer and actor.
  • October 29 : Anton Szandor LaVey , founder and high priest in 1966 from the Church of Satan.
  • October 30 : Samuel Fuller , American film director (b. 12 August 1912 ).
  • November ¹ : Roger Walk , ( France , Football ).
  • November 9 : Helenio Herrera ( Argentina / France , Football ).
  • November 11 : Rodney Milburn ( USA , Athletics ).
  • November 13 : James Couttet , ( France , skiing ).
  • November 14 : Eddie Arcaro (in) , ( Sport Horse U.S. ).
  • November 17 : Nelson Paillou , ( France , sports leader).
  • November 22 : Michael Hutchence , musician, leader of INXS.
  • November 24 : Barbara , singer French ^References
    1. Pol Pot tried by his own - The Express
    2. :: Medea:
    3. criseirakienne
    4. Microsoft Word - Milestones in the Saudi kingdom - Chronologies.doc
    5. :: Medea:
    6. http://www.paradigme.com/sources/SOURCES-PDF/Pages% 20of% 20Sources07-3-2.pdf
    7. "Quid" 2002

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