United States

January 21 : Ronald Reagan sworn in for second term

• January : Ronald Reagan decided to give priority to a tax reform should have a neutral effect on the inputs and can in no case reduce the deficit.
• June - July : Reagan Doctrine of aid to armed opposition movements in communist regimes established recently.
• July 13 : Ronald Reagan is operating a colon cancer.
• September 22 : Statement of the Plaza: the new Treasury Secretary James Baker expresses its intention to implement a "soft landing" of the dollar, whose parity too high hurts exports.
• Oct. 22 : Baker Plan to facilitate the settlement of the debt of underdeveloped countries.
• December 2 : Gramm-Rudman on the initiative of Congress which provides for the gradual reduction but necessary if automatic fiscal deficit, the cuts are distributed evenly over the military and social expenditure.

• The poverty rate is 13% in the mid 1980's.
• Worsening trade deficit.
• Concentration of airlines in the wake of a proliferation of takeovers and mergers. American Airlines , the main company, adopt a tariff structure that other carriers adopt willingly.
• Mother Teresa opened a hospice in Manhattan for the victims of AIDS.

Oceania

• February 4 : The New Zealand left the ANZUS.
  • The New Zealand government banned the entry of its ports to ships nuclear powered or nuclear-weapon, which the Pentagon refused to confirm or deny.
• April 30 : Adoption of a draft law on New Caledonia where problems occur.
• May 22 : Edgard Pisani Minister of New Caledonia.
• July 10 : Explosion of Rainbow Warrior , a ship of the environmental group Greenpeace , in the port of Auckland , because of the French secret service.
• August 6 : Treaty of Rarotonga for creating a nuclear free zone in the South Pacific. He was finally ratified in 1996 by the United States , the United Kingdom and France.
• October 26 : Mount Uluru (Ayers Rock), a sacred site of the Australian Aborigines , is returned to its ancestral owners, the Pitjantjatjara and Yankuntjatjara, which make it a park.

• Agreement between the USSR and the archipelago of Kiribati, allowing the Soviet naval expansion in the Pacific.

Asia

• January 14 : Hun Sen , Prime Minister of Cambodia.
• February 2 : The BJP agitation Hindu revival in India with Ayodhya goal. The Hindu tradition says that Rama was born in this city on the site of a mosque built in the sixteenth century. This mosque had been closed since 1950 by court order to prevent the Hindus to practice their rites. On February 2 , the seals are removed.
• March 17 - September 16 : Exposition of Tsukuba.
• March : Decline of the Congress party in regional elections in India , particularly in Maharashtra , where a coalition of the BJP and the Janata party is victorious.
• April 23 : Shah Bano case in India : Supreme Court sentenced a Muslim to meet the food needs of the woman he had divorced. Muslim organizations strongly criticized this decision contrary to the Sharia. On February 27, 1986 , Rajiv Gandhi presented a draft law, the Muslim Women Bill, which repudiates the Supreme Court and is aligned with the Sharia.
• July 10 : Sino-Soviet thaw, trip to the USSR's Vice-Premier of China.
• July 24 : Rajiv-Longowal Accord signed in Punjab after secret talks with the moderate separatists.
• July : University of Lhasa .
• August 12 : A Boeing 747 on Flight 123 Japan Airlines , crashed on a mountain, having wanted to return to Tokyo after a problem with decompression of the aircraft. 520 people died there.
• August 20 , India: The moderate separatist leader Harchand Singh Longowal was assassinated, and the cycle of violence is rebooted to Khalistan.
• September 22 : Reassessing the yen after the Plaza Accord.
• October : Mikhail Gorbachev is accepted by the Politburo of the principle of a withdrawal of Russian troops from Afghanistan, with certain conditions: the Soviet Union calls on U.S. to stop supplying the Afghan resistance to the regime President Mohammed Najibullah to survive, the price of concessions to Islamic fundamentalists. In the mid -1980s , government forces and some 120,000 Soviet troops controlled the main roads and towns but the rest of the country is in rebel hands.
• December 8 : Foundation in Dhaka for the SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). On the way back, General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq , president of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , stopped in Delhi and agrees with Rajiv Gandhi not to attack their nuclear facilities reciprocal.

• Nepotism in North Korea : Twelve parents of Marshal Kim Il-sung in prominent positions.

• Seventh Plan in India (1985 - 1990 ). It stresses the need to generate new resources from expanding the tax base, a private sector development and reforming the public sector.

Middle East

October 7 : Misuse of the Italian liner Achille Lauro by Palestinian terrorist commando.

• February 11 : Jordanian-Palestinian agreement. The PLO recognizes all resolutions of the UN and the proposed "land against peace." The agreement calls for an international conference composed of five members of the Security Council and all stakeholders in the conflict, including the PLO. The establishment of a national unity government ( Likud and left) paralyzes the reaction of Israel ( September ). Shimon Peres welcomed the action plans and proposes a Jordanian law by step, with an intermediate period where the Jordan and Israel will manage Palestinian affairs in association with an elected assembly. A series of Palestinian attacks (as the case Achille Lauro ) and Israeli reprisals terminates the process.
• 10 - March 20 , Iran-Iraq War : Operation Badr . The Iran abandoned its tactic of human wave attacks and prepared on small points.
• March 22 : Removal in Beirut in Lebanon two diplomats French , Marcel Carton and Marcel Fontaine , claimed by Islamic Jihad.
• March , Lebanon : The Lebanese Forces rose against Amin Gemayel and put in their head Samir Geagea and Elie Hobeika.
• May 22 : Removal in Beirut two French: Michel Seurat and Jean-Paul Kauffmann.
• October 7 : Crisis Sigonella. Palestinian terrorists hijack the liner Italian Achille Lauro and killing an American passenger before taking refuge in an Egyptian port. Italian-Egyptian negotiations leading to promise a safe return to these terrorists in the country of their choice in exchange for abandoning the boat and its passengers. The four Palestinian fly in a Boeing Egyptian, which is intercepted by American fighters and forced to land on a basis of NATO in Sicily. Washington claims the delivery of pirates. Craxi , who gave his word to Egypt, refused to surrender and the four Palestinians will freely Yugoslavia on October 12.

• December 28 , Lebanon : Agreement between the militia in Damascus Druze, Shiite and Christian .
  • In the fall, Syria is trying to establish an agreement between the main militias ( Amal , Druze , FL ). The agreement provides for the termination of the state of war, a national unity government, disbanding the militias, a parliamentary parity between Christians and Muslims, strengthening the powers of the President's Council at the expense of the President of the Republic, return of civilian refugees, the reorganization of the army, the establishment of special relations with Syria. Shiites reject the agreement as parity goes against their conquest of power. Other parties also refuse.

• Reflux in crude prices. The Saudi Arabia , ulcerated nibble to see its market share from other members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries that do not meet their quotas, exchange rate policy: it leaves the price support and is now paying attention volumes production, with the signing of contracts with refiners to ensure a given amount per barrel, from the Wahhabi kingdom-varying prices. Within months, the price of a href = "West_Texas_Intermediate" alt = "West Texas Intermediate"> West Texas Intermediate fall from 31.75 to 10 dollars a barrel. Producing states suffered heavy financial losses. The United States expressed concern that low prices discourage exploration on their land and forced them to depend more on imports, which weakens their security against the Soviet Union , exporting. A price close to 18 (instead of 29 officials) seems fair. OPEC abandoned the strategy of market share and return to quotas. In late 1986 , the consequences of the second oil shock is erased; consumers recover, by lower nominal prices and much more real (lower dollar), part of what they had to pay the OPEC during the previous increases. Economic growth is stimulated.

Eastern Europe

• March 10 : In the USSR , the death of Konstantin Chernenko.
• March 11 : Mikhail Gorbachev replaces Konstantin Chernenko as head of the USSR. Having secured his power by changing the members of the Politburo , Gorbachev launched a campaign to reform Soviet society. His agenda speaks of perestroika (restructuring) of the national economy and glasnost (openness) in the political and cultural affairs.
• April 8 : Gorbachev announces a moratorium on the deployment of SS-20 in Europe.
• April 11 : In the Socialist Republic of Albania , death of general secretary of Labour Party of Albania Enver Hoxha in power since 1944. His successor, Ramiz Alia , continued the policy of autarky reducing extreme poverty to the people.
• April 20 : Renewal "for 20 years" of the Warsaw Pact.
• July 5 , Czechoslovak Socialist Republic : A Pilgrimage to Velehrad for the 1100 anniversary of method is transformed into manifestations of Moravian and Slovak believers against the communist regime.
• June : Eduard Shevardnadze , Minister of Foreign Affairs in the USSR.
• September 27 : To launch its program of economic reforms in the USSR, Gorbachev replaced as prime minister recalcitrant Nikolai Tikhonov by Nikolai Ryzhkov , considered more open. Until 1987 , Gorbachev remains committed to a planned economy in which he gradually introduced market elements.
• October : Gorbachev made by the Politburo accept the principle of a withdrawal of Russian troops from Afghanistan.
• November 19 : Geneva Summit initiating cooperation between the U.S. and the USSR.

• Inflation (80-90% price increase in 1985 - 1986 ) and unemployment (one million unemployed for 23 million inhabitants) in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The strikes are increasing. Economic difficulties exasperate latent animosities between ethnic groups in Yugoslavia. Within the Communist League, Croats and Slovenians reject proposals to centralize the party and state, they oppose the Serbs themselves are faced with the problem of Albanian Kosovo.
• Gorbachev launches a program of decentralization of economic decisions.
• Relative parity between the strategic forces of the United States and the USSR.
• The Warsaw Pact aligns on the northern front-European Centre of Norway to West Germany, 113 divisions and 24,200 tanks, while the NATO does that respectively 54 and 8800.

Western Europe

• January ¹ :
  • Entry into force in Switzerland in the order of 4 July 1984 regulating the documentary evidence of origin of goods in foreign trade.
  • Jacques Delors , President of the European Commission.
  • On Greenland , an autonomous province Danish anxious to protect its marine resources, withdrew from the EEC.
• March 5 : Failure and end of the long miners' strike in the United Kingdom (more than one year).
• March 26 : Brussels Agreement, paving the entry of Spain into the EEC.
• March 30 , Italy: Arrest of specialist laundering funds from the Mafia , Giuseppe Cal.
• April 17 : Paris offers the EEC project launch Eureka.
• 23 - April 24 , Italy: failed referendum initiative aimed at eliminating the communist law that limits the sliding scale of wages.
• June 12 : The Spain and Portugal to sign their accession to the EEC.
• June 13 , Portugal : Resignation of Ministers Conservatives the government of "grand coalition" led by Mario Soares.
• June 14 :
  • The TWA Flight 847 , connecting Athens to Rome , was hijacked by members of Hezbollah. The operation will find an outcome that two weeks later, after many vicissitudes.
  • Signing of the first Schengen Agreement by the foreign ministers of Germany, Belgium, France, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. These agreements on the gradual abolition of checks at their common borders.
• June 23 , Italy : Francesco Cossiga was elected President of the Republic (completed in 1992 ).
• June 25 , Portugal : Resignation of the Government of Mario Soares. The President of the Republic, General Ramalho Eanes Antonio , asked him to remain in office until the ratification of the treaty of accession to the EEC.
• 5 July , Spain : Adoption of the law decriminalizing abortion . Felipe Gonzlez reshuffles his government.
• July 6 , Spain : Carlos Solchaga , new Minister of Economy and Finance, has launched a vast program of privatization .
• July 12 , Portugal : Dissolution of Parliament following the breakdown of the "grand coalition" between the Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party.
• July 19 , northern Italy : Val Dam disaster of Stava , 268 dead.
• 9 - September 11 : Riots in Birmingham .
• September 12 : The UK expels 31 "diplomats" Soviet, the Soviet Union even reply.
• October 6 , Portugal : Victory for Conservatives and breakthrough centrist early parliamentary elections .
• October 18 : creating Transmanche Link , a consortium of 10 companies, five French and five British, in charge of building the Channel Tunnel.
• November 6 : The leader Conservative Anibal Cavaco Silva was appointed Prime Minister of Portugal. It is he who held the longer this function (remainder of the term in 1995 ).
• November 15 : Anglo-Irish Summit Hillsborough , after which are signed agreements that recognize a right to look to Southern Ireland on the affairs of Ulster and establish an intergovernmental council discussing the problems and the political future the province.
• December 27 : Attacks Palestinian fatalities in Rome and Vienna against the company El Al : 19 dead and 115 wounded.

• Violence continues in Ireland , with 602 victims in 1985 - 1993 , attributable to 70% at the PIRA ^{[ref. necessary]}.
• General strike of women in Iceland.
• Social conflict in Spain due to job insecurity and inequality.
• Portugal : 16% illiteracy among people aged over 15 years. (21% women, 12% for men).
• "Liberation" of the labor market in the United Kingdom.
• The poverty rate is 5% in the mid -1980s in the United Kingdom.
• Italy: The budget deficit represents 14.5% of gross domestic product. That the trade balance worsens January-July, causing a devaluation of 6%. Enormity of the debt, when Italy takes 3 lire, 2 are used to pay interest on outstanding debt. In the second half, foreign trade recovers as a result of devaluation, inflation is 8.6% for the year, unemployment hit 10.6% of assets. Obvious increase of population from immigration (400 000-800 000). Problems begin to be scored by observers: the black, crime ... and a series of laws passed to try to stem the arrival ( 1986 , 1990 , 1995 , 1998 ). The sense of urgency is reinforced by the innumerable attempts of Albanian illegal immigrants to reach Italy by sea, sometimes dramatic. Concretely, this immigration is essentially linked to a demand for labor in industry.

France

Switzerland

Thematic timelines

Arts and Culture

• Garry Kasparov became world chess champion ( Anatoly Karpov - 10 years).
• In Paris , Christo 'wraps' the Pont Neuf.
• At the Academy of Sciences Moscow , Alexei Pajitnov created the video game Tetris. "

Births in 1985

• January 5 : Melanie Bernier , actress French
• January 6 : Alex Turner , English musician, singer and guitarist of Arctic Monkeys and The Last Shadow Puppets
• January 7 : Lewis Hamilton , race car driver English Formula 1
• January 11 : Kazuki Nakajima , racing driver Japanese GP 2.
• January 17 : Simone Simons , singer, mezzo soprano of the group Epica ( Netherlands ).
• February 5 : Cristiano Ronaldo , playing international football with Real Madrid and Portugal.
• Feb. 13 : Samantha Sin , American pornographic film actress.
• February 14 : Philippe Senderos , playing international football with Arsenal and Switzerland
• February 28 : Jelena Jankovi , Serbian tennis player.
• March 2 : Luke Pritchard , lead singer and guitarist of British band The Kooks.
• March 8 : Ewa Sonnet , singer and model Polish
• March 15 : Kellan Lutz , American actor
• March 17 : Miles Kane , English musician, singer and guitarist of The Rascals and The Last Shadow Puppets
• March 26 : Keira Knightley , actress UK
• April 3 : Leona Lewis , British singer
• April 15 : Amy Reid , American actress
• April 17 : Jo-Wilfried Tsonga , tennis player

• May 2 : Lily Allen , English singer
• May 6 : Chris Paul , American basketball player
• May 13 : Javier Balboa , soccer player moving to Real Madrid
• May 15 : Cristiane , footballer Brazilian
• May 16 : Stanislav Ianevski , actor Bulgarian
• May 16 : Fabien Grammatico , rugby player French
• May 22 : Tranquillo Barnetta , playing international football with Bayer Leverkussen 04 and Switzerland
• June 4 : Lukas Podolski , German international footballer
• June 17 : Marcos Baghdatis , Cypriot tennis player
• June 19 : Yannick Bokolo , French international player basketball
• June 26 : Urgyen Trinley Dorje , recognized as the ^17thKarmapa in Tibet
• June 27 : Nico Rosberg , racing driver German to Formula 1
• June 30 : Rafal Blechacz , pianist Polish
• June 30 : Michael Phelps , swimmer American international
• July 2 : Ashley Tisdale , singer, actress
• July 18 : Chace Crawford , American actor
• July 22 : Takudzwa Ngwenya , American rugby player
• July 25 : James Lafferty , American actor
• July 22 : Takudzwa Ngwenya , American rugby player
• August 7 : Carole Vergne , French fencer.
• August 9 : Anna Kendrick , American actress
• August 21 : Nicolas Almagro , Spanish tennis player
• September 6 : Melanie Delloye-Betancourt , daughter of the former French-Colombian hostage Ingrid Betancourt
• September 9 : Luka Modric , the Croatian footballer moving to Tottenham Hotspur.
• September 24 : Eric Adjetey Anang , sculptor Ghana
• September 26 : Valerie Begue , Miss France 2008
• September 26 : M Pokora , French singer of rnb and pop.
• October 8 : Simone Bolelli , the Italian tennis player
• October 8 : Eiji Wentz , Japanese actor and singer
• October 20 : Jennifer Freeman , actress
• October 24 : Lionel Beauxis , French rugby player, flyhalf Stadium Paris French world champion under 21 in 2006.
• October 25 : Ciara Harris , American singer
• 1 November : Mehdi Savalli , matador French
• November 15 : Victoria Petrosillo , French singer
• November 28 :
  • Shy'm , singer of R & B French
  • Magdolna Ruzsa , Hungarian singer
• December 2 : Justine Verdier , French pianist

Deaths in 1985

• January ¹ : Hermann Reutter , composer and pianist German (b. 17 May 1900 ) ..
• January 2 : Jacques de Lacretelle , French writer.

• February 11 : Henry Hathaway , American film director.

• March 10 : Konstantin Chernenko , Soviet statesman.
• March 28 : Marc Chagall , French painter of Russian origin.
• March 29 : Sister Sourire , Belgian singer (Dominique, nique, nique ...).

• April 10 : Vladimir Janklvitch , French philosopher.
• April 11 : Enver Hoxha , Albanian leader.
• April 22 : Jacques Ferron , Quebec writer and doctor.
• May 11 : Chester Gould , American cartoonist.
• May 12 : Jean Dubuffet , French artist.
• May 18 : Penn Nouth , politician Cambodia (b. 15 April 1906 )
• May 19 : Herbert Ruff , composer , conductor and pianist Polish (b. 16 September 1918 ).

• July 19 : Janusz A. Zajdel , writer Polish of SF (b. 15 September 1938 ).
• July 27 : Michel Audiard , French film director and screenwriter.

• August 6 : Philip Dieuleveult , journalist and television host.
• August 25 : Samantha Smith , schoolgirl U.S. , Goodwill Ambassador in the Soviet Union (b. 29 June 1972 ).
• August 30 : El Yiyo (Jos Cubero Sanchez), Matador Spanish (b. 16 April 1964 ).

• September 19 : Italo Calvino , Italian writer.
• September 30 :
  • Charles Francis Richter , American seismologist.
  • Simone Signoret , actress.

• Oct. 2 : Rock Hudson (Roy Scherer Fitzgerald), a global American (b. 17 November 1925 ).
• October 10 :
  • Yul Brynner , American actor.
  • Orson Welles , American actor and director.
• October 18 : Stefan Askenase , piano Polish ( 10 July 1896 ).
• October 24 : Maurice Roy , Canadian cardinal, archbishop of Quebec (b. 25 January 1905 ).

• November 17 : Lon Nol , Cambodian president (b. 13 November 1913 ).
• November 24 : Rene Barjavel , French writer and journalist.

• December 2 : Aniello Dellacroce , gangster Italian - American , Sottocapo of the Gambino family from 1957 to 1985. (B. 15 March 1914 )
• December 25 : Jacques Monod , French actor.
• December 26 : Dian Fossey , American ethnologist, who was murdered by poachers.
• December 31 : Rick Nelson , singer and actor.

Notes and references

• Portal of the contemporary world
• Portal 1980

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