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1984
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- May 11 : In astronomy , a transit of Earth from Mars takes place. The previous was in 1905 , the following will occur in 2084. The transit has, for obvious reasons, not been seen since March.
- August 14 : UN Conference on Population in Bucharest.
- 2 to 3 December : Bhopal disaster. A highly toxic gas, the methyl isocyanate , escaped from a plant of pesticide Union Carbide. This disaster is the industrial disaster the worst ever known.
Africa
- 27 December 1983 - 6 January 1984 " bread riots "in Tunisia.
- February 16 : Withdrawal of South Africa of Angola and Mozambique.
- March 16 : The Mozambique , weakened by the armed opposition of NRM (National Resistance Movement) and a severe livelihood crisis due to drought, signs Nkomati an agreement of nonaggression and good neighborly relations with Africa South.
- March 29 : Death of Guinean President Ahmed Sekou Toure.
- April 3 : A "Military Committee for National Recovery" seized power in Guinea and appoint Colonel Lansana Conte President. It announces the establishment of a democratic regime.
- April 6 : Military coup failed in Cameroon.
- June 9 : The new civil code reintroduced Sharia law in Algeria.
- August 4 : The Upper Volta becomes Burkina Faso under the auspices of CNR (National Council of the Revolution) led by Thomas Sankara who was assassinated three years later (15 October 1987 ) following a coup orchestrated by Blaise Compaore , current President of Burkina Faso.
- August 13 : Oujda Agreements between Morocco and Algeria on the conflict Sahraoui.
- September 5 : Pieter Willem Botha was elected President of the Republic of South Africa.
- November 12 : Morocco withdraws from the Organization of African Unity (OAU) at the time of admission of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.
- December 10 : The South African Bishop Desmond Tutu becomes the Nobel Peace Prize.
- Famine in the Sahel (1984 - 1985 ).
- Border war between Libya and Chad.
- Negotiations between the SWAPO ( People's Organisation of South West Africa ) and South Africa in Namibia (1984 - 1989 ).
Americas
- January : Latin American Economic Conference in Quito. Latin Americans say the debt is a political problem, not just economically, under the responsibility of both debtors and creditors. After the Conference of Cartagena in June , the international community becomes aware of the social and political dimension of the problem of debt.
- February 2 : Jaime Lusinchi , Christian Democrat becomes president of Venezuela.
- March 25 - May 6 : Presidential elections in El Salvador. With financial assistance from the United States, the Christian Democratic Duarte wins the second round (May 6) on the right-wing leader of ARENA , Major Roberto D'Aubuisson. The U.S. military aid increased, worsening the civil war.
- September 2 : Assassination of the French priest Andre Jarlan to Santiago de Chile.
- September 25 , Argentina : The armed forces of the Supreme Council declared itself incompetent to judge the acts of repression committed between 1976 and 1983 (" Dirty War ").
- October 6 , Chile : Augusto Pinochet restores the state of siege raised since 1978 and continues to suppress the protests harshly, which declined steadily in intensity.
- October 8 , Salvador : President Duarte proposes direct talks with the FMLN. A dialog opens La Palma but does not succeed.
- October 11 : Presidential election in Panama. The head of the National Guard Manuel Noriega holds the real power (1984 - 1989 ).
- November 4 : The candidate of the FSLN Daniel Ortega won the elections in Nicaragua , which were boycotted by some opposition.
- November 25 : Democracy in Uruguay. Julio Mara Sanguinetti was elected president of Uruguay (start of term on 1 March 1985 ).
- December 25 , Argentina : The Supreme Court, the highest authority in matters of justice, recognizes in its place the Federal Court's jurisdiction to try the leaders of the juntas.
Main articles: 1984 in Canada and 1984 in Quebec.
United States
Main article: 1984 in the United States.
- January 1 : The phone company AT & T must separate from its 23 local branches, now grouped into seven independent regional companies (the Baby Bells) that do not have the right to manufacture telephone equipment or to provide long distance services. In this area, competition is open, and AT & T loses its natural monopoly and faces opponents as MCI , which have satellites and networks of fiber optics.
- January 24 : Launch of Macintosh Apple Computer Inc..
- May 12 - November 11 : World Fair of New Orleans.
- July 31 : The Soviet Union and 13 other countries boycotted the Olympics in Los Angeles.
- November 6 : Re-election triumph of Ronald Reagan (Republican) as President of the United States, buoyed by the recovery, with 58.8% of the vote against Walter Mondale (Democrat) 40.6%. The Democrats retain a majority in the House.
- December 31 : The United States withdrew from the UNESCO Asia
- January 1 : Independence of the sultanate of Brunei vis--vis the United Kingdom. He joined the ASEAN.
- April 30 : The pagoda Sukamoni a pagoda wooden three-story, very old in the Temple Sangbongsa in South Korea , was destroyed by fire.
- June 3 , India : Indira Gandhi ordered the attack on the Golden Temple of Amritsar , the sanctuary of the Sikhs. The final assault was given on June 6 with the support of tanks. The Indian army lost 700 men and the Sikh community is very struck by the desecration of the sanctuary.
- August 8 : The President of Mongolia Yumjagiyn Tsedenbal must resign because of authoritarianism. His successor Jambyn Batmonkh makes him responsible for the "stagnation" of the country.
- September 26 : The United Kingdom and China decide to return Hong Kong to China in 1997 , the capitalist system will continue to until 2047.
- October 31 , India : Indira Gandhi is assassinated by his bodyguards Sikhs. Her son Rajiv succeeded him as Prime Minister of India. He tries to throw the country into the path of industrial upgrading. The news of the assassination of Indira causes of the pogroms that result in the death of 4,000 Sikhs.
- October :
- Pu Laldenga , the leader of the insurgency mizo in the North-East of India lays down its arms. The territory was promoted state Mizoram and Laldenga became the Chief minister.
- Cambodia : The main coalition bases of the three resistance movements are destroyed by the Vietnamese between October 1984 and April 1985.
- 2 to 3 December : During the night, the explosion of a tank of 40 tonnes of methyl isocyanate from the pesticide factory Union Carbide in Bhopal ( India ), because more than 20 000 deaths and more than 200,000 disabled. (See Bhopal disaster ).
- December 19 : Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong. It provides for the return of Hong Kong to China on 30 June 1997 , after the expiry of lease in 1898.
- December 31 : Record Attendance at general elections in India (63%). The Congress Party won the vote with 49.2%.
- In Afghanistan , Soviet troops launched an offensive against the " mujahideen ".
- 14 million Sikhs in Punjab.
Middle East
- January , Lebanon War : The multinational force began its evacuation from Lebanon , unleashing militias of warlike action in Beirut.
- 16 - January 19 : 4th Islamic Summit (41 of 44 present). He returned to Egypt.
- February 8 : Rebirth of the Wafd party in Egypt.
- February : Amal and Druze regain control of Beirut west. In West Beirut, the militia Amal (Shiite) attempts to take total control of the city, eliminating the last Sunni militias. Amal led a bloody "war of the camps" against the Palestinian organizations and faces the PLO trying to relocate in the South.
- March : Amine Gemayel denounces the Israeli-Lebanese in May 1983 and broke off relations with Israel.
- April : Completion of the Israeli withdrawal from Sinai.
- May 13 : The Iranian Air Force attack on Saudi and Kuwaiti oil.
- June : The last Israeli troops leave officially on Lebanon , while leaving control of the border area to a residual local militia, the South Lebanon Army.
- September 20 : A suicide truck exploded outside an annex of the Embassy of the United States in Beirut , killing 23 dead and 60 wounded.
- 22 - November 29 : XVII NOC to Amman. The principle of a coordinated action with the Palestinians, Jordan has reiterated .
- Iran-Iraq War : Three Iranian attacks can capture a portion of the marsh area, near the Shatt al-Arab.
Europe
- January 17 : Conference on Disarmament in Europe (CDE) in Stockholm : 35 signatory countries of the CSCE of Helsinki.
- February 9 , Soviet Union : Death of Yuri Andropov.
- February 13 , Soviet Union : The Politburo chooses Konstantin Chernenko , 72 years as general secretary of the Communist Party (ending in March 1985 ). His brief stint in business is hardly an excuse to innovations. He woos the first Chief of Staff Nikolai Ogarkov , which calls for a strengthening of resources devoted to defense, to counter its rival, Mikhail Gorbachev , conducive to research and development and investment, then it plays card consumption.
- March 6 : miners strike in the United Kingdom (ending in March 1985 ).
- March 13 : Treaty on Greenland.
- March : Restructuring of Education in Spain.
- 14 - June 17 : European Elections
- June :
- Portugal : Arrest of Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho with fifty leftists.
- Fontainebleau agreement between the UK and the EEC. The United Kingdom gets discounts for its final installments, and we agree on the inevitable spending restraint agricultural (limit imposed on future guaranteed prices, taxes on production).
- July 1 : In Liechtenstein , a referendum finally granted women the right to vote in national elections.
- July 4 : Adoption in Switzerland for an ordinance regulating the documentary evidence of origin of goods in foreign trade.
- July 19 : Jacques Delors became president of the European Commission.
- August 1 : discovery of a bog in Cheshire mummified remains of Lindow Man.
- July 21 : Amnesty policy in Poland.
- September , Soviet Union : Nikolai Ogarkov considered too restless, is rejected by Konstantin Chernenko. At the same time, the need for a new foreign policy based on a rapprochement with the West arises. Mikhail Gorbachev seems to embody it since the summer. It develops at a conference three key concepts of its action projects: perestroika , glasnost , uskorenie (reconstruction, transparency, acceleration).
- October 12 : Attack of the IRA at the Grand Hotel Brighton , to Margaret Thatcher.
- October 19 , Poland : Case of Father Jerzy Popieluszko , chaplain of the steelworks at Warsaw , kidnapped, tortured and murdered by the Polish political police. The scheme Jaruzelski , compromise, gradually losing control of the situation and attempts to introduce economic reforms.
- November 3 : Funeral of Father Popieluszko , before hundreds of thousands of Poles.
- December 3 : Privatization of British Telecom.
- Cooperation between French and Spanish governments for the problem Basque.
- Top Policy Bulgarisation excessive in Bulgaria with the aim to despatch the maximum 900,000 Bulgarians of Turkish origin, of Turkish language and Muslim religion, plus 300 000 Bulgarian origin but of Islam (Pomaks). The communist government in Sofia announced that "The Bulgarian nation-state does not include other people as the Bulgarians. "
- Spain : Unemployment affects 21.6% of the workforce (2.64 million). Inflation is under control (9%). The trade deficit down by half.
- UK: Trade Union Act compelling the union leaders to seek the vote of their members for reappointment every five years and to pay a contribution to a political party. Rates Act giving the government the opportunity to cap taxes local municipalities with the highest spenders.
Italy
- February 18 : Chords of Villa Madama. New concordat between Craxi and Bishop Casaroli on behalf of John Paul II . Catholicism ceased to be a state religion, and the Italian State renounces control over the ecclesiastical hierarchy.
- July 16 : The three major union confederations signed an agreement regulating the transport strikes.
- July : The judge Giovanni Falcone is extradited from Brazil a "godfather" of the notorious Mafia , Tommaso Buscetta , who goes to confession.
- 29 - September 30 : A major operation is launched against the Mafia in Palermo : 366 arrests, 200 indictments. The law of silence ( a href = "% C3% Omert A0_ (loi_du_silence)" title = "Omerta (law of silence)"> omerta) is broken. The confessions are being paid by reduced sentences.
- In November , former mayor of Palermo DC Vito Ciancimino was arrested and the two cousins Salvo, financier of the Mafia, in turn fall. Sicilians march to Palermo to show their support for justice.
- Visit RDA of Craxi.
- Loan of 500 million dollars on the international market. Return to growth (+2.5%). The inflation rate does not exceed 10% for the first time since 1973. The sliding scale of wages is limited (Craxi).
- End of bradyseism of Pozzuoli (started in 1982 ).
France
Main article: 1984 in France.Switzerland
Main article: 1984 in Switzerland.Oceania
Main article: 1984 in New Caledonia.Thematic Chronologies
Arts and Culture
Main articles: 1984 in film , music, 1984 , 1984 in classical music , literature, 1984 , 1984, to theater , architecture, 1984 , 1984 in comics and on television in 1984.Births in 1984
- January 10 : Marouane Chamakh , Moroccan footballer
- January 18 : Cho Seung-Hui , killer Korean the shootings at Virginia Tech University ( 16 April 2007 )
- January 24 : The Macintosh
- January 25 : Robinho , Brazilian footballer
- February 12 : Alexandra Dahlstrm , actress Swedish
- Feb. 25 : Xing Huina , Chinese athlete
- February 28 : Karolina Kurkova , dummy Czech.
- March 6 : Leila Bekhti , French actress.
- March 8 : Salvador Vega , Matador Spanish.
- March 10 : Olivia Wilde , American actress.
- March 19 : Bianca Balti , supermodel Italian.
- March 20 :
- Fernando Torres , player of soccer Spanish
- Christy Carlson Romano , actress
- March 22 : Piotr Trochowski , German international footballer
- March 24 : Chris Bosh , player of American basketball
- March 26 : Jimmy Howard , goaltender for the NHL
- April 4 : Sean May , basketball player U.S.
- April 10 : Mandy Moore , singer and actress
- April 11 : Kelli Garner , American actress
- April 18 : America Ferrera , actress amricainne
- April 19 : Cesar Jimenez , bullfighter Spanish
- April 24 : Tyson Ritter , American singer and bassist
- April 29 :
- Taylor Cole , American actress and model
- Lina Krasnoroutskaya , player and commentator of Russian tennis
- May 1 :
- Alexander Farnerud , Swedish footballer
- Keiichiro Koyama , singer, Japanese actor
- May 24 : Sarah Hagan , American actress
- May 25 : Unnur Birna Vilhjlmsdttir , "Miss Iceland", crowned Miss World in 2005
- May 29 : Carmelo Anthony , basketball player, U.S.
- May 31 : Milorad Cavic , Serbian swimmer professional
- June 1 : Tuvshinbayar Naidan , Mongolian judoka
- June 8 : Torrey DeVitto , American actress
- June 9 : Wesley Sneijder , Dutch footballer
- June 11 : Vagner Love , Brazilian footballer
- June 16 : Rick Nash , Canadian hockey player
- June 21 : Elodie Varlet , French actress
- June 23 :
- Duffy , Welsh singer
- Sbastien Grax , French footballer
- June 25 : Lauren Bush , American model
- June 28 : Eden Mor , Israeli model
- July 3 : Corey Sevier , Canadian actor
- July 11 : Tanith Belbin , Canadian figure skater
- July 12 : Gareth Gates , English singer
- July 23 : Iva Kleinova , Czech actress
- August 1 : Bastian Schweinsteiger , German footballer
- August 2 : Arnaud Delomel , host of M6 , the M6 Boutique La Chane and Earth info
- August 12 : Sherone Simpson , Jamaican athlete
- August 21 : Alize , French singer
- August 23 : Manuel Carizza , Argentine rugby player
- September 1 : Joe Trohman , guitarist
- September 3 : Garrett Hedlund , American actor
- September 7 : Vera Zvonareva , Russian tennis player
- September 15 : Harry , Prince of the United Kingdom , second son of Charles, Prince of Wales
- September 16 : Katie Melua , British singer of Georgian origin.
- September 20 : Brian Joubert , French figure skater
- September 27 : Avril Lavigne , Canadian singer
- September 28 : Melody Thornton , singer, dancer, American , member of The Pussycat Dolls
- October 3 : Ashlee Simpson , American singer and actress
- October 4 : Eric Staal , Canadian hockey player
- October 7 : Ikuta Toma , Japanese actor and singer
- October 10 : Chiaki Kuriyama , Japanese actress
- October 19 : Jeremy Chatelain , French singer
- October 25 : Katy Perry , American singer
- October 26 : Sasha Cohen , American figure skater
- November 19 : Eduardo Gallo , matador Spanish.
- 21 November : Jena Malone , American actress
- November 22 :
- Scarlett Johansson , actress
- Kate Ground , Canadian dummy charm
- November 23 : Lucas Grabeel singer, actor and dancer American
- November 25 : Gaspard Ulliel , French actor
- November 28 :
- Mary Elizabeth Winstead , American actress
- Marc-Andre Fleury , Canadian hockey player
- November 30 : Mustapha El Atrassi comedian French and host star of TV's The 6 / 9 on NRJ
- December 7 : Robert Kubica , Polish racing driver
- Dec. 21 : Jackson Rathbone , American actor
- December 22 : Jonas Altberg , Swedish musician
- December 30 : LeBron James , American basketball player
Deaths in 1984
- January 1 : Cagancho (Joaqun Rodrguez Ortega), 80, bullfighter Spanish (b. 17 February 1903 ).
- January 7 : Alfred Kastler , 81, physicist French ( May 3 1902 ).
- January 16 : Kenneth Arnold , 68, American aviator (b. 29 March 1915 ).
- January 20 : Johnny Weissmuller , 79, athlete and actor (b. 2 June 1904 ).
- February 5 : El Santo , 66, wrestler Mexican of lucha libre and actor movie (b. 23 September 1917 ).
- February 7 : Francois de Bourbon , Duke of Bourbon, brother of Prince Louis de Bourbon , the current pretender to the throne of France.
- February 9 : Yuri Andropov , 69, Soviet statesman (b. 15 June 1914 ).
- March 5 :
- Lebovici Gerard , 51, film producer and publisher French (b. 25 August 1932 ).
- Pierre Cochereau , 59, French organist (b. 9 July 1924 ).
- March 13 : The Lionnais Francois , French mathematician.
- April 1 : Marvin Gaye American singer.
- April 5 : Guy Kerner , French actor (b. 28 January 1922 ).
- April 9 :
- Jean-Pierre Kerien , French actor.
- Paul-Pierre Philippe , French Cardinal of the Roman Curia (b. 16 April 1905 ).
- April 26 : Count Basie , pianist and conductor of American jazz.
- June 5 : Sir Frederick Stratten Russell , 86, zoologist British (b. 3 November 1897 ).
- June 26 : Michel Foucault , philosopher.
- July 7 : Brassai , the Hungarian photographer.
- July 25 : Big Mama Thornton , singer blues.
- July 26 : George Gallup , American statistician.
- July 31 : Paul Le Flem , composer French (b. 1881 ).
- August 5 : Richard Burton , actor, UK.
- August 13 : Tigran Petrosian , Russian chess player.
- August 25 : Truman Capote , American writer.
- September 9 : Yilmaz Guney , director, screenwriter, director, actor and writer Turkish-Kurdish
- September 16 : Paul Neuhuys , Belgian poet and writer (b. 16 September 1897 ).
- September 23 : Carol Henry , canon, French organist and composer.
- September 26 : Paquirri (Francisco Rivera Prez), 36, Matador Spanish (b. 5 March 1948 ).
- September 30 : Anna wirszczyska , 73, poet Polish (b. 7 February 1909 ).
- 9 October : Lew Christensen , dancer, choreographer and ballet master American.
- October 16 : Grgory Villemin , 4 years, child -on-Lpanges Vologne found drowned in the Vologne.
- October 19 :
- Henri Michaux , French poet and painter from Belgium.
- Jerzy Popieluszko , 37, clergyman Polish (b. 14 September 1947 ).
- October 20 : Paul Dirac , 82, physicist UK , in Tallahassee ( Florida ) (b. 8 August 1902 ).
- October 21 : Franois Truffaut , filmmaker French.
- October 25 : Pascale Ogier , French actress.
- October 31 : Indira Gandhi , Indian prime minister.
- December 1 : Roelof Frankot , Dutch painter.
- December 20 : Stanley Milgram , American psychologist.
- December 28 : Sam Peckinpah , American director.
References
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