This page is about the year 1945 of the Gregorian calendar .

Events

UN

• April 25 : Opening for San Francisco from the UN conference to draft the charter of the new international organization.
• April - June : The UN set up their headquarters in New York.
• June 26 : San Francisco Conference : Adopted by 50 founding members of the UN Charter : the birth of the UN , which replaced the League.
• October 16 : Foundation to Quebec of the FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization) by the UN, its head will stand at Rome in 1951.
• October 24 : Entry into force of the UN Charter (founding of the UN ) with the ratification by China , the United States , the France , the United Kingdom , the USSR and the majority of other signatories. On October 24 of each year is celebrated the UN Day.
• November 16 : Creation of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ).
• December 3 : The cost of the weaponry that was used during World War II is released, more than 1000 billion U.S. dollars.
• December 27th : Foundation of the World Bank by 28 nations.

Africa

• March 6 .
• June 22 - August 6 : Campaign protests and general strike in Nigeria organized by Nnamdi Azikiwe.
• September 5 : States-General of the Colonization met in Douala , reaffirming the commitment of settlers to the most backward forms of colonization.
• 24 - September 26 : Strikes in Douala. Nationalist riots broke out in the French part of Cameroon and are repressed in blood.
• 15 - October 21 : The Fifth Pan African Congress in Manchester proclaims the "determination of Africans to be free." Kwame Nkrumah created a West African National Secretariat, actively supported by the WASU (West Africa Students Union) to implement concrete resolutions. This movement promotes the idea of a West African Federation, first step towards achieving United States of Africa.
• December 20 : Creation of the CFA franc (French colony in Africa), with a ratio of 1 CFA franc French franc to 1.70, then from 17 October 1948, 100 CFA francs for 200 French francs.

• The Libya and Somalia are under mandate of the UN.
• Strikes in Cameroon , the Belgian Congo , in Rhodesia and South Africa. Agrarian riots Buganda.
• First Africans to the Legislative Council to Zanzibar , in Tanganyika and Uganda.
• Phase of growth and economic diversification in West Africa (1945 - 1955 ).
• Building the school Terrasson de Fougres of Bamako.
• Release of the Voice of Congolese. The magazine is published regularly from 1945 to 1959 under the authority of its editor -Antoine Roger Bolamba.

America

September 19 : Walk for the Constitution and Liberty, anti-Peronist event that brings together over 200 000 people in Buenos Aires , Argentina

• February 21 : Opening of the Pan-American Conference Special Chapultepec , near Mexico , representing 21 states in the Americas, who will try to establish a treaty on inter-American solidarity.
• March 8 : The Final Declaration of the Conference of Chapultepec proclaims the principle of equal rights for all people "regardless of their race or religion." The Act of Chapultepec recommends the development of a mutual assistance treaty. It was decided that countries that have not yet declared war on the Axis forces would do so in order to join the UN and thus constitute a powerful American company.
  • Entered the war Paraguay , the Uruguay , the Equator , from Venezuela , from Chile and Peru. The Argentina went to war on March 27, one month and three days before the suicide of Hitler.
• March 10 : Jose Figueres Ferrer form the Social Democratic Party in Costa Rica which increases the criticism of the regime's corruption ( Partido Liberacin Nacional in 1951 ).
• March 15 : After more than a century of military dictatorships, a reformist, Juan Jos Arvalo , was elected president of Guatemala (concluded in 1951 ).
  • New democratic constitution in Guatemala, based on that of Mexico , and new labor code (eight-hour day, minimum wage, right to strike and unionization). A Social Security Institute is created and a campaign against illiteracy was launched.
• July 28 : Democracy in Peru. Election as President of Jos Luis Bustamante , during an unusually honest election. The American Popular Revolutionary Alliance , the largest opposition party of Haya de la Torre , who was not allowed to participate, teams up with Bustamante. Opens a period of three years of reformism.
• July : Resignation of Colombian President Alfonso Lpez Pumarejo think that promote an agreement with the opposition. In 1946 the country enters a period of extreme violence.
• October 9 , Argentina : The Vice-President Juan Peron was removed from office by a fraction of the army that is hostile to him.
• October 17 , Argentina : A huge crowd of workers and left-to-account invades the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires to demand his reinstatement to the government.
• October 18 : In Venezuela , a coup supported by the Social Democratic Party AD (Accin Democrtica) dismisses Isaas Medina Angarita. The junta leader, Rmulo Betancourt was elected president, establishes democracy (trieno, 1945 - 1948 ): Universal suffrage, agrarian reform, revision of royalties paid by foreign oil companies, pro-union laws, arbitration of disputes, etc.. With popular support, the AD won all the elections between 1946 and 1948.
• October 29 , Brazil : Overthrow of President Getlio Vargas in Brazil and filed on October 30 by a group of generals.
  • After the Allied victory, Vargas decided to elect a new president and new Congress for the Dec. 2. The soldiers worried, seized power. Vargas withdrew to the Rio Grande do Sul. Officers designate Jose Linhares , president of the Supreme Court, to head the government until the elections. General Eurisco Dutra , candidate of the Partido Social Democratico, founded by Vargas was elected with a majority DSP Assembly and the Senate in December (start of term on 31 January 1946 ).
• November 7 : The Mexico officially became a member of the UN.

• The GDP of Latin America grew by 4.7% between 1945 and 1955 ( Argentina 2.1% Peru 4.8%, Ecuador 4.8%, Brazil 5.7% Mexico 6.1%). With a population growth rate of 2.7%, GDP per capita grew by only 2% in ten years.
• The population of Guatemala , composed of 75% of farmers and 80% of Indians speak 19 languages, is illiterate and 72% (90% in Indian regions).

United States

August 14 : Surrender of the Empire of Japan. Victory celebration at Times Square

• April 12 : Death of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The Vice-President Harry S. Truman ( Democrat ) succeeded him as president of the United States (until 1953 ).
• April 23 : Molotov , received at the White House , is blamed for the behavior of the Soviet Union vis--vis Poland.
• May : Interruption of lend-lease to Russia to put pressure on her.
• June 22 : General Douglas MacArthur was named commander of all forces in the Pacific.
• July 16 : Trinity test. Explosion of the first atomic bomb after the Manhattan Project U.S. in the desert near Alamogordo in the state of New Mexico.
• July 28 : An American bomber B-25 crashed on the ^79th floor of the Empire State Building in New York killing 13 victims.
• August : suppression of Lend-Lease.
• September 21 : Cessation of production of the Jeep. Over 600,000 copies were produced from 17 November 1941 by Willys and Ford

• The Nobel Peace prize is awarded to the American Cordell Hull.
• 33% inflation between September 1939 and August 1945.
• 200 billion dollars of GNP.
• 145 million people.
• 12,466,000 Americans enlisted in the army, 322,188 killed, 700,000 wounded. The total cost of the conflict is over 300 billion dollars. It was covered by loans (135 billion in war bonds underwritten) and tax (130 billion).
• 150 000 European Jews emigrated to the United States after the war.
• Development of trade unionism. The AFL and CIO each have six million members in 1945.

Asia

February 23 , Battle of Iwo Jima : Raising the Flag is Iwo Jima

• January 3 , Burma : The British take the island of Akyab and Force 136 begins to deliver weapons to the "resistant" Burmese.
• January 9 , Philippines : The Americans landed on the island of Luzon with 67 000 men
• January 25 : The ^25th Indian Division landed on the island of Burma Ramree , took the city of Kyankpyu and now occupies the entire peninsula Myeban ( January 27 ). Japanese blockade of China was broken, the Chinese forces make the junction on the Burma Road unobstructed.
• January 28 : The first convoy started from India and having taken the road to Burma, renamed "Stilwell Road" by Chiang Kai-shek arrives in China.
• January - February : in French Indochina , to escape the terrible famine that ravaged the Tonkin , populations begin an exodus to reach areas with supposedly had a better harvest. Approximately 50 000 people die during population displacement: the number of famine victims amounted to at least several hundreds of thousands.
• February 16 - March 26 : Battle of Iwo Jima.
• February : Partition of Korea: the Yalta Conference , the United States and the USSR agreed to divide Korea at the ^38th parallel to ensure the surrender and disarmament of Japanese troops.

• March 3 : The British resumed Meiktila.
• March 9 :
  • Over 100 000 people die in two days during the bombing of Tokyo by 300 bombers B-29 U.S. launch firebombs.
  • Japanese coup against the French in Indochina. The Japanese surprise overthrow the French colonial power who collaborated with them yet. Low resistance of the French that ended in the execution of 460 prisoners including General Emile Lemoine. French officers were parachuted to organize underground.
• March 10 : Proclamation of the independence of Cambodia in Phnom Penh. Nationalists, supported by the Japanese, took power in Cambodia.
• March 11 : Proclamation of independence of Annam and Tonkin in Hue by Emperor Bo Djaya.
• March 21 : The British return to Mandalay.
• March 27 :
  • The Communists of the AIB National Army (Burma), on the orders of the former employee Aung San , rose against the Japanese and take the capital Rangoon , resumed on May 3 by the ^14th Army British. In summer, Burma is fully recaptured by the British.
  • Start of Operation Starvation. Blasting within Japan.

April 2 : Battle of Okinawa

• April 2 : Start of Battle of Okinawa. Allied forces converged on Okinawa. More than 500,000 soldiers will be involved in this amphibious operation. The island is completely conquered June 21 (50,000 American casualties, dead or injured).
• April 5 , Japan : The Government Kuniaki Koiso decides to negotiate peace, but can not impose its views on the military and resigned.
• April 7 : Operation Ten-Go. The U.S. Naval runs the largest building in the Japanese navy, the battleship Yamato.
• April 4 : In the French Protectorate of Laos ( French Indochina ), the Japanese force Sisavang Vong , King of Luang Prabang , to proclaim independence.
• April 14 : Hundreds of Boeing B-29 U.S. bombing Tokyo.
• April 29 : The Japanese occupiers accept the formation of a Commission of Inquiry for the preparation of the independence of Indonesia. During the summer, the resistance movements control Java with the exception of cities.
• April - June : Chinese Victory over Japan at the Battle of West Hunan.

• May 17 - August 14 : Air Attack directly on Japan from Okinawa.
• May 25 : The repeat bombings on Tokyo.

• July : In Burma , the Japanese army in retreat is decimated in the lower valley Sittang (nearly 10 000 deaths).
• July 27 : "Potsdam Declaration". The Allies met in Potsdam invite Japan to surrender unconditionally on pain of destruction.
• July 30 : The cruiser USS Indianapolis was sunk by a Japanese submarine.

August 6 : Atomic Mushroom produced by the explosion over Hiroshima

August 9 : Atomic Explosion Nagasaki

• August 6 : After the rejection of the Potsdam ultimatum, a U.S. bomber dropped Little Boy , an atomic bomb in plutonium on Hiroshima - Conclusion: 75,000 dead and 90,000 wounded in a population of 250,000 people.

• August 8 : The Soviet Union declares war on Japan , it will occupy Sakhalin , the Kuril Islands , and invaded Manchuria.
• August 9 : A second atomic bomb , Fat Man , dropped on Nagasaki , killing about 38,000 dead.
• August 10 : August Revolution. Call the insurgency launched by the People's Liberation Committee of Vietnam led by Ho Chi Minh.
• August 11 , Indonesia : Sukarno and Hatta are invested with power almost discretion.
• Aug. 12 : Occupation of North Korea by the Soviets. The USSR has supported Kim Il-sung , returned to Korea in September with a group of anti-Japanese partisans.
• August 14 :
  • Emperor Hirohito announced Japan's surrender on the radio. He asked in his speech to stop the fighting. This is the unofficial surrender Japan.
  • Bo Djaya announces annexation of Cochinchina in his kingdom.
• August 15 :
  • An agreement between the Soviet Union and Nationalist China allocates powers in Manchuria.
  • Created in Burma League Anti-Fascist People's Freedom for (LAFPL) whose aim is to fight against the United Kingdom. The secretary general of the league, Thakin Than Tun , is the brother of the president Aung San who broke with Marxism.
• August 16 : Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu was appointed High Commissioner of France and commander in chief for Indochina , he joined in late October.
• August 17 : Sukarno and Hatta proclaimed the independence of Indonesia vis--vis the Netherlands to Batavia that finds its name from Jakarta. The Netherlands are opposed. This announcement marks the beginning of decolonization, the revival of the south.
  • End September / A>, British forces landed on the islands. Lack of troops, the British to the Japanese entrust the care of maintaining order in areas where they can not intervene, but in Java , Japanese officials must give way to adjoin their Indonesian pain of being shot by police Indonesian. The local rulers rallied to the national government has promised to respect their status. Dutch companies taken over by the Japanese are nationalized. An army of Republican volunteers organized. Poorly equipped, inexperienced, it is large and quickly adapts to the guerrillas. The conflict erupted when the Dutch tried to regain control over their former colony. While the Dutch troops landed and that Van Mook arrives at Jakarta , Sukarno called for their withdrawal, the suppression of the civil administration replaced and the recognition of the Indonesian government.
• August 18 : A constitution is proclaimed in Indonesia. Sukarno becomes president of Indonesia; Hatta , Vice-President.
• August 19 : Seizure of power by the Viet Minh.
• August 25 : The Emperor of Viet Nam Bo Djaya abdicates and leaves the Viet Minh into Hanoi and take power.
• August 28 : The Allies occupied Japan (completed in 1952 ).

September 2 : Japan's official surrender

• September 2 :
  • The Emperor of Japan officially recognizes the defeat, by signing with General Douglas MacArthur on the battleship Missouri, the paper's unconditional surrender. This act ends the last conflict during the Second World War and endorsed the occupation of Japan by the United States.
    • The Japanese government remains in place as long to execute the instructions of the victors: the demilitarization of society, dissolving the zaibatsu (trusts enriched by the war industry), abolition of the police monitoring public opinion, Agrarian Reform Law labor unions.
  • Ho Chi Minh proclaims the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi. The Japan evacuates Indochina.
  • The Malaysian returns under British control.
  • Communists and nationalists find themselves face to face in China. Mao Zedong dominates the north, enters Manchuria occupied by the Soviets. Chiang Kai-shek returned to Nanking and recovers most major cities.
• September 6 : Yo Unhyng proclaims the People's Republic of Korea held by the United States.
• September 7 , Korea: The United States , through their representative General Hodge, dissolve the Committees of National Liberation and declaring the People's Republic of 6 illegal. They support the nationalist Syngman Rhee.

Lieutenant-General Kanda Masatane of the Japanese Army signs the surrender of Japanese forces on the island of Bougainville September 8, 1945.

• September 10 : The Communist Party of Korea (founded 1925 ) established its offices in Korea occupied by the Soviet Union.
  • The North Korean works from 1945 on a Stalinist scheme: the economy is totally socialized and people have to devote a personality cult in communist leader Kim Il-sung.
• September 20 : The committee of All-India Congress, convened under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and Pandit Nehru , rejected the proposals the British internal autonomy and asks the UK to leave the India.

• October 5 : Leclerc arrived in Saigon.
  • Under the Potsdam Agreement ( August 2 ), the Nationalist Chinese were to occupy the country north of the ^16th parallel and the British south of that line. However, the September 21 , the troops of General Leclerc landed in Saigon and quickly fall the British.
• October 12 : opposite the King Sisavang Vong which seeks the restoration of the French Protectorate of Laos , the government Lao Issara (Free Laos) announces an interim constitution.
• November 7 : Creating Masjumi (Advisory Council of Muslims in Indonesia), the party bringing the conservative Muslim landowners and some elements of the bourgeoisie (merchants and entrepreneurs).
• November 14 : Sutan Sjahrir becomes head of government of the Republic of Indonesia.
• November , Indonesia: Given the reluctance of the British public and international pressure (the Muslim world, Australia , United States ), the Dutch must resolve to negotiate.

• In the aftermath of independence, the production capacity of Indonesia is less than half that of 1940. The shortage of officers, all the important posts are reserved to the Dutch.
• 26 million people in Vietnam.

Middle East

February 14 : Roosevelt met Ibn Sa'ud

• January , Egypt : Prime Minister Ahmad Maher holds elections that were boycotted by the Wafd. The government parties win a majority of parliamentary seats. Egypt then declare war on the Axis powers, causing discontent among radical political forces.
• February 14 : Historic meeting aboard the USS Quincy on the Suez Canal , between U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and King Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia.
  • The Great Britain decided to reduce its subsidy to Saudi Arabia while the U.S. maintains theirs. They send a military mission charged with investigating the Saudi army and get the opportunity to establish a military base in Dhahran. Back from Yalta , Roosevelt met Ibn Sa'ud in the Red Sea on the cruiser Quincy.
• February 23 : The Turkey declares war on Germany and Japan.
• February 24 : Egyptian Prime Minister Ahmad Maher was assassinated by a young nationalist.
• March 22 : In Alexandria ( Egypt ), creation of the Arab League with founding members: The Egyptian , the Iraq , the Lebanon , the Saudi Arabia , the Syrian , the Trans-Jordan and North Yemen. It shall promote cooperation among its members. Abd al-Azzam Pasha , an Egyptian, was appointed first secretary general of the League.

• May 29 : After protests demanding independence promised, a revolt broke out in Lebanon and Syria. Bloody clashes take place in Damascus between the French army and the Syrian police. The French bombed Damascus. The UK threat to intervene militarily. A cease-fire was proclaimed and the French troops return to their barracks.
• June 21 : The Syria and Lebanon are all the French services.
• July :
  • The Saudi Emir Faisal travels to the United States.
  • Truman asked the UK it delivers 100,000 immigration certificates to Palestine for the survivors of the Holocaust. Given the refusal of London , Truman decided to bring the issue into the public.
• October : Events Popular withdrawal of British troops in Egypt. They degenerate into acts of looting and violence.
• November Europe
  • January ¹ :
    • Bodenplatte operation in the Battle of the Bulge.
    • Operation Nordwind in Alsace and northern Lorraine (end January 25).
    • Entry into force in Switzerland 's federal law 16 December 1943 concerning the judicial organization.
  • January 2 : Charles de Gaulle refuses U.S. order to evacuate Strasbourg.
  • January 5 : ^The 1st French Army defends Strasbourg.
  • January 12 : Vistula-Oder offensive launched by the Red Army.
  • January 15 : Liberation of concentration camp of Plaszow ( Krakow ) by the Soviets.
  • January 16 : Junction to Houffalize ^of the First and ^Third American armies. The German Ardennes offensive is broken.
  • January 17 : Entering the Red Army ( Zhukov ) to Warsaw (17 to January 22 ).
  • January 20 :
    • The SS blew up the crematoria II and III of the extermination camp of Auschwitz-Birkenau.
    • The interim government supported by the Hungarian Soviets sign the armistice in Moscow and launches of major reforms, including confiscating properties feudal and ecclesiastical.
  • January 23 : The Soviet Army reached the Oder. Upper Silesia was under Soviet control at the end of the month while in the North between Zhukov in Pomerania.
  • January 27
    • The SS blew up the last crematorium of Auschwitz-Birkenau.
    • Liberation of the concentration camp of Auschwitz by Soviet troops, where he remained 5 000 prisoners.
  • January 30 : The Wilhelm Gustloff with more than 10,000 refugees from the port of Gotenhafen in the Bay of Danzig was sunk by three torpedoes from the Soviet submarine S-13. Between 5300 and 9300 people died in the Baltic Sea.
  • January 31 : Soviet troops crossed the Oder.

  
  

  

  

  16 - February 19 : Bombing of Wesel
  • 4 - February 11 : Yalta Conference gathering in secret U.S. , the UK and the USSR represented by Roosevelt , Churchill and Stalin. The Allies pledge to hold free elections in Europe , after the victory, in fact they are shared areas of influence in Europe between the United States and the Soviet Union. Agreed entry into the war the USSR in Asia in return for territorial gains on the eastern borders of Poland and the granting to France a zone of occupation in Germany.
  • February 10 : The General von Steuben was sunk by Soviet submarine S-13.
  • February 12 , Greece : Agreement Varkiza. Communists agree that their forces be disbanded.
  • February 13 - February 15 : Bombing of Dresden by aircraft British and American. 35 000 dead.
  • February 13 : Taking Budapest by the Soviets after 50 days of fighting.
  • February 14 : The Allies reach the Rhine.
  • February 24 : Coup d'tat of the Romanian Communist Party , which takes de facto control of the Kingdom of Romania.
  • February 27 : 3000 women were evacuated from Ravensbrck.
  • February-March: Operation Corn Flakes.
  • March 3 :
    • Romania: coalition government headed by Petru Groza , sympathizing communist formed under Soviet pressure. The Communists hold most key positions alongside socialists and National Liberals. In the months that followed, they seek to suppress opposition.
  • Evacuation of internees Hinzert.
  • March 6 : Cologne is taken by the Allies.
  • March 7 :
    • Crossing the Rhine by the Allies to Remagen and entry of U.S. troops in Germany.
    • Provisional Government of Marshal Tito in Yugoslavia. It enacts a program of moderate social and economic reforms.
  • March 13 : Operation Plunder : big Allied offensive beyond the Rhine.
  • March 17 : Collapse of the bridge at Remagen.
  • March 23 : Law on Land Reform in Romania: land expropriation without compensation "collaborators and war criminals" and properties over 50 ha. Redistribution is entrusted to commissions farmers often led by Communist workers from the cities. 1.5 million hectares were confiscated and redistributed over a million to 800,000 farmers, with the remainder constituting "matters of state."
  • March 28 : The Germans shot, from The Hague their last missile V2 , which falls on Opington , south-east London.
  • March 29 : Soviet troops enter Austria.
  • March :
    • The Red Army drove the Germans last Poland.
    • Rudolf Slansky was elected general secretary of the Czechoslovak Communist Party.
    • Anne Frank dies from hunger and disease in the concentration camp of Bergen-Belsen
  

  

  April 16 , Buchenwald
  • April 3 : First evacuations in Buchenwald.
  • April 4 :
    • Liberation of Bratislava by the Red Army.
    • Hungary was liberated completely from the German invaders. Allied Control Commission headed by Marshal Kliment Voroshilov in Hungary.
    • Edvard Bene government installs a Czechoslovak Communist high proportion in Koice.
  • April 5 :
    • Czechoslovakia: The program Koice adopts the principle of a republic where Czechs and Slovaks would be treated on an equal footing, with a program of nationalizations, land reform and economic planning.
    • Tito signed an agreement with the Soviet Union allowing "temporary entry of Soviet troops on Yugoslav territory."
    • Georgian Uprising of Texel (end May 20 ).
  • April 13 :
    • Soviet troops entered Vienna (Austria) (13 - 16 April ).
    • The SS left Bergen-Belsen.
  • April 14 : Liberation of the Netherlands : Canadian troops occupy Arnhem.
  • April 16 :
    • Sinking of the Goya in the Baltic Sea sunk by the submarine Soviet L-3 , approximately 6500 deaths.
    • Battle of Seelow.
    • Top of the Soviet offensive against Berlin.
  • April 17 - April 20 : Battle of Royan.
  • April 19 : Entry troops Soviets in Berlin.
  • April 20 : Partial evacuation of Sachsenhausen.
  • April 21 :
    • Evacuation of Ravensbrck.
    • Taking Stuttgart by the French.
    • The Soviet Union sign a friendship pact with the People's Republic of Poland.
  • April 22 : The Alpine infantry eventually resume high Alps, where German troops were entrenched, but after hard fighting.
  • April 25 : Junction of U.S. and Soviet troops at Torgau on the Elbe. The French and the Americans reached Austria.
  • April 27 : Proclamation of Independence in Austria. Social Democrat Karl Renner form a government including the populists, Communists and Socialists.
  • April 28 :
    • Adolf Hitler dismisses Heinrich Himmler of all his duties.
    • The Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and his girlfriend Clara Petacci were shot by Communist partisans, their naked bodies were hung by their feet in Piazzale Loreto in Milan.
  • April 29 :
    • Last gassing Mauthausen.
    • Allied forces liberate concentration camp of Dachau. Dachau Massacre
    • Adolf Hitler marries Eva Braun.
  • April 30 : Suicides of Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun in the bunker of the chancellery in Berlin, while Russian troops approached his bunker. Joseph Goebbels took power.
  

  

  May 8, 1945 : Germany surrendered
  • May ¹ :
    • Suicides of Joseph Goebbels and his wife Magda after killing their 6 children.
    • The Yugoslav partisans entering Trieste.
  • May 2 : Taken from Berlin by the Red Army of Konev and Zhukov.
  • May 3 : Shipwrecks of the Cap Arcona , the Thielbek Deutschland and sunk by the RAF in the Bay of Lbeck.
  • May 4 :
    • Liberation camp Neuengamme completely empty by the British Army.
    • Surrender of the armies of the North German Marshal Bernard Montgomery.
  • May 5 :
    • Liberation camp Mauthausen by the Americans.
    • Knowing the arrival of Soviet troops imminent, the population of Prague rose against the Nazi occupiers.
    • Flensburg government led by Karl Doenitz (end May 23 ).
  • May 7 :
    • To 2 h 40 am, in a school Reims (France), General Alfred Jodl and the staff of the German troops of the western front sign the unconditional surrender of Germany.
    • Release of 25 000 survivors of the Theresienstadt concentration camp by the Soviets.
  • May 8 : Admiral Karl Doenitz surrendered. The final act of capitulation was signed at Berlin by General Stumpff, Admiral von Friedeburg and Marshal Keitel in the presence of Marshal Zhukov (USSR), General Spaatz (USA), General Tedder (UK) and General Lattre de Tassigny (France).
  • May 9 :
    • At 0 h 28, signed in Berlin with the Soviet Union of the capitulation of Germany.
  

  

  Positions of the allied armies in Europe May 10, 1945.
  • • The Czechs rebelled against the Nazis , the Red Army intervenes and frees Prague in jubilation.
  • May 14 : Proclamation of independence of Austria.
  • May 16 : Government Edvard Bene moved to Prague.
  • May 23 :
    • Return of Labour in opposition in the United Kingdom.
    • Arrested by the British, Himmler , Minister of Interior of the Reich and organizer of the system of repression, committed suicide in Barnstedt.
  • May 31 - June 25 : The exiled govern Johan Nygaardsvold moved back to Norway to resign immediately, as he has committed.
  • May :
    • Return of the first deportees and prisoners of war.
    • Yugoslavia: Mass executions in Koevski Rog , Teharje , etc..
    • The Latvia reinstate the Soviet Union.
  • June 5 : Berlin Declaration on the status of occupied Germany. It will be divided into areas assigned to the United States , with the Soviet Union , the UK and France , who exercise the supreme authority. The region of Berlin , also divided into zones will be controlled by a control commission. Decisions on the whole of Germany will be taken unanimously by the four powers.
  • 5 - June 26 : Crushing defeat of Winston Churchill to British general elections. Labor won 393 seats against 213 for the Conservatives. Clement Attlee joined the firm.
  • June 19 : The Franco Spain is excluded from the forthcoming UN conference in San Francisco.
  • June 28 : After the defeat of Germany, a coalition organized a Polish government of national unity, merging the governments of London and Lublin , chaired by the Socialist -Osbka Edward Morawski. This government has officially recognized the following month by the United States and Great Britain, who got the Soviets promise of free elections at the Yalta Conference.
  • June 29 : The Carpatho taken by the Hungarians in Czechoslovakia in 1939 , is pegged to the Ukraine. The Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR became a full member of the UN.
  

  

  July 17 - August 2 : Potsdam Conference
  

  

  The conferences of Tehran (in 1943), Yalta (February) and Potsdam (in August) establish the borders of Poland to the Curzon Line in the east (Poland limiting the purely Polish territories) and the Oder Neisse- west.
  • July 6 : The U.S. and the UK recognize the communist government of Poland, Stalin had in the meantime agreed with their stance on procedural Security Council UN.
  • July 9 : The agreements of London set the four zones of Allied occupation of Austria. Vienna , divided into four sectors, is subjected to a quadripartite authority.
  • July 16 : King Leopold III gives up to return to Belgium where opposition to his return is very alive. But he refuses to abdicate.
  • July 17 - August 2 : Potsdam Conference between Truman , Britain's Attlee and Stalin. The a href = "% C3% Union_des_r A9publiques_socialistes_sovi% C3% A9tique" alt = "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics"> Soviet Union obtained the territories of East Prussia , the western border Poland is set provisionally by the Oder-Neisse line , the Germans will be expelled from the territories annexed. The Austrian will not pay for repairs. Peace treaties are drawn up by the foreign ministers of the five allied countries (with China ). Delineation of four zones of occupation in Germany. Stalin refused the internationalization of European waterways. The dismantling of heavy industry in Germany is planned. The issue of reparations was settled to the satisfaction of the USSR who gets in Potsdam the right to charge not only what it wants in its zone of occupation, but a quarter of the equipment in the Western zones. Condemnation of the Franco regime.
  • July 19 : The Fuero de los Espaoles ( Spanish charter ) proclaims the rights and duties of the people.
  • July 20 , Spain : The arrival of Alberto Martn-lvarez Artajo as foreign minister inaugurates a new direction (access to the government of Christian Democrats).
  • July 26 :
    • Potsdam Proclamation.
    • Start the Department of Labor Clement Attlee , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (completed in 1951 ).
      • The Labour Program (Let Us Face the Future) marks the United Kingdom after 1945. Economic policy, Keynesian, gives control to the State of the important sector of activity. Trade Unions (trade unions) have a considerable force. They push for wage increases and refuse layoffs, while productivity grows slowly and competitiveness of British goods deteriorates. To finance reform, Keynes went to Washington and obtained a loan of 3.75 billion over fifty years at great rate of 2% after a period of five years free. In exchange, Britain agrees to ratify the Bretton Woods institutions and restore within twelve months of sterling convertibility into gold.
  • 6 August : The Soviets recognize the government of Bucharest , while the Anglo-Saxons want to ensure its representativeness.
    • King Michael I of Romania is trying to get rid of Petru Groza at the end of the year, forming a new democratic government, "including liberal and peasant parties. Groza refused to resign and the king appealed to the Allies (royal coup). He retired in Sinaia and refuses to sign the decrees of the government.
  

  

  August 15, 1945 in Paris: Americans celebrate the victory over the Empire of Japan (in) brandishing the news of the end of the war in the headlines on their daily editions.
  • August 17 : First meeting in Mexico of Cortez in Spanish exile. The Junta of National Unity and the Spanish Junta release fall into a government in exile and prepare to enter Spain.
  • September 2 : Judgement of the lend-lease agreement between the United Kingdom the United States.
  • September 3 : Implementation of land reform already underway in Saxony in the Soviet zone of occupation: the properties of over 100 ha are expropriated.
  • September 22 : the USSR and Hungary signed an economic agreement.
  • October 8 : Authorization of Movement of Democratic Unity (Movimento de Unidade Democrtica, MUD), an opposition party in Portugal. It will have no representative in the room. This alleged political liberalization allows Salazar monitor opponents.
  • October 9 : In the American zone, the local government is entrusted to the Germans. Creating Lnder.
  • October 20 : National Congress Walloon. Speeches Fernand Dehousse Federalism
  • October 22 : A law in Spain Franco provides for consultations by popular referendum.
  • November 4 , Hungary : The Smallholders' Party, led by Zoltan Tidly , won the legislative elections at the expense of the Communist Party with 57% of warrants. The republic was proclaimed in January 1946 and elected President Tildy. A coalition government is formed, with a disproportionate participation of the Communists.
  • Nov. 9 - Dec. 21 : Paris Conference on Reparations imposed on Germany.
  • November 11 : Election of a Constituent Assembly in Yugoslavia. The moderates, officially barred from presenting candidates boycotted the elections. The candidate of the Popular Front, controlled by the Communists, get 80% of the vote.
  • November 18 : The "Patriotic Front" Bulgarian (Communist) gets 75% of the vote in general elections.
  • November 20 : Opening of the Nuremberg trials of 24 Nazi leaders (verdict on October ^1, 1946 ).
  • November 24 , Norway : The head of government collaborator Vidkun Quisling was sentenced to death for high treason, is executed.
  • November 25 : Victory of populist socialists before parliamentary elections in Austria.
  • November 29 : The Assembly proclaimed the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia.
  • December 5 : Win the "Patriotic Front" Albanians of Enver Hoxha , with 93% of the vote.
  • December 14 : The Nuremberg Trials revealed the massacre of six million Jews.
  • December 21 : End of the conference on reparations when the Soviets began sampling in their area. Westerners receive a certain percentage of capital goods.
  • December 27 : End of the Moscow conference bringing together the foreign ministers of the United States, the United Kingdom and the USSR.
    • • Romania : British and Americans are demanding the government to recognize Petru Groza inclusion of representatives from the PNP and the NLP, which is made with some reluctance.
    • Stalin made concessions in its sphere of influence: free elections in Hungary and Austria , withdrawal of the Red Army in Czechoslovakia , elections acceptable in Bulgaria.
  • The Soviet Union adopts a more tolerant religious policy.
  • Given the war victims (6 million including 3 million Jews ) and displacements of population, Poland has only 24 million inhabitants against 35 in 1939.
  • Portugal : Imprisonment of the elected president of the University of Coimbra , Francisco Salgado Zenha.
  • Spain : Dissolution of the paramilitary militias Spanish Falange.
  • UK: Establishing a system of family allowances by the Conservatives earlier this year.
  • The United Kingdom aligns 5 million veterans, nearly 5,000 ships and over 10,000 aircraft. His soldiers are present in Europe , in Africa , the Middle East and Asia. The war made 400,000 casualties, including 60,000 civilians. The war effort has put the country on the brink of bankruptcy (17 billion pounds of total debt), but the British economy is in much better condition than those of other European belligerents, the third largest behind the U.S. U.S. and Canada.

  Italy

  

  

  May: Operation of the 92nd Infantry Division in the Po Valley
  • March 3 : Strikes insurgency in the North triggered by CLNAI. The Italian Communist Party calls for a few days later an armed uprising.
  • March 28 : Workers strikes of Milan and Turin.
  • April 18 : New strike by workers of Turin.
  • April : Offensive Allied military operations coupled with supporters in northern Italy.
  • 20 - 21 - April 22 : Bologna , Modena and Reggio Emilia are evacuated by the Germans. In all three cities, supporters protest and take power before the arrival of Allied troops.
  • April 24 : Rising Genoa.
  • April 24 : Rising Milan.
  • April 27 : Arrest of Mussolini by partisans while trying to enter Switzerland.
  • April 28 : Benito Mussolini and Clara Petacci were executed by Italian partisans at Dongo with fifteen hierarchs whose Pavolini.
  • April 29 : The British take Venice , Padua , Como and Americans Milan.
  • May 2 : German troops surrendered.
  • May 21 : The CLNAI installed temporary administrations everywhere, announcing a radical transformation of politics and society in northern Italy, but Togliatti announced in Milan that the Italian Communist Party had decided to transform society by Italian legal practice parliamentary participation in government and the NLC.
  • May: Ivano Bonomi resigned under pressure from the new political situation.
  • June 19 - December 8 : Government Ferruccio Parri , leader of the Action.
    • Supporters of the Upper Italy took possession of many companies, expropriating owners accused of collaboration, replacing them with "factory councils" run by the workers. The government decides to cleansing financial companies with money earned during the fascist period. In the fall, Parri develop an economic plan providing for a capital tax and benefits to small industries. These projects concern the officials of the Allied Commission, which controls northern Italy, and she obtained the dissolution of the factory councils and the withdrawal of any liability CLNAI.
  • November 24 : Under pressure from the Liberal Party (conservative), Ferruccio Parri must resign.
  • December 4 : After lengthy negotiations, the Christian Democrat Alcide De Gasperi formed a government with the Communists and Socialists.
  • December 29 : Congress of the Italian Communist Party in Rome (ending 8 January 1946 ). He says he wants to support the legacy of the Risorgimento and the defense of national values.
  • Industrial production accounts for 23% of that of 1938. 1.6 million unemployed.

  France

  Main article: 1945 in France.

  Switzerland

  Main article: 1945 in Switzerland.

  Thematic Chronologies

  Main articles: 1945 in science , 1945 in railways , aviation, 1945 and 1945 in sports.

  Arts and Culture

  Main articles: 1945 in film , music, 1945 , 1945, classical music , literature, 1945 , 1945, to theater , 1945 in Architecture , 1945 in cartoon , 1945 in television and 1945 (Chronology of Dada and Surrealism).
  • May 31 , France: Receipt of Louis de Broglie , Nobel Laureate in Physics at the French Academy, received by his brother Maurice de Broglie.
  • July 10 : Reopening of the Louvre in Paris.
  • October 13 : Creation of the UNESCO ( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ) in 44 countries.
  • November : The Hostages, a series of painted canvas of Jean Fautrier painted is exposed during the Occupation in Paris.
  • The architect Henry Bernard directs the work of the University of Caen.

  Births in 1945

  • January ¹ : Jacky Ickx , racing driver F1 Belgium.
  • January 10 : Rod Stewart , singer of rock UK.
  • January 22 :
    • Saida Agrebi , politician Tunisia.
    • Christoph Schnborn , Austrian cardinal, archbishop of Vienna.
  • January 26 : Ibrahim Boubacar Keita politician Mali.
  • January 27 : Nick Mason , drummer for Pink Floyd.
  • January 29 : Tom Selleck , American actor.
  • February ¹ : Gilles Servat , singer-songwriter Breton.
  • February 4 :
    • David Brenner , comedian U.S..
    • Maurice Gards , French bishop, archbishop of Auch.
  • February 6 : Bob Marley , singer of reggae Jamaican ( 11 May 1981 ).
  • February 9 :
    • Mia Farrow , actress America.
    • Gerald Levert , singer-songwriter French.
  • February 17 : Bernard Rapp , journalist, television presenter, writer and director French ( 17 August 2006 ).
  • February 24 Lamine Diop statistician Senegal.
  • March ¹ :
    • Dirk Benedict , American actor.
    • Jean-Claude Boulanger , French Catholic bishop, bishop of Sees since 2002.
  • March 2 :
    • Philippe Jaffre , businessman French ( 5 September 2007 ).
    • Alain Paul Lebeaupin , French Catholic bishop, apostolic nuncio to Kenya.
  • March 30 : Eric Clapton , blues guitarist and composer of British
  • April 2 : Michle Fabien , Belgian playwright ( 10 September 1999 ).
  • April 13 : Tony Dow , actor U.S..
  • April 14 : Ritchie Blackmore , former guitarist for rock band Deep Purple.
  • April 20 : Gregory Olsen , American space tourist.
  • April 30 : Michael J. Smith , American astronaut ( 28 January 1986 ).
  • May 14 : Yochanan Vollach , Israeli footballer, president of Maccabi Haifa.
  • May 19 : Pete Townshend , British guitarist.
  • May 21 : Ernst Messerschmid , German astronaut.
  • May 28 : John Fogerty , singer and songwriter.
  • May 31 :
    • Henri Emmanuelli , politician French.
    • Rainer Werner Fassbinder , director German ( 10 June 1982 ).
  • June 13 : Ronald J. Grabe , American astronaut.
  • June 15 : Frances Chandernagore , writer French.
  • June 17 : Eddy Merckx , cyclist Belgium.
  • June 19 : Aung San Suu Kyi , Burmese opposition leader, Nobel Peace prize in 1991.
  • June 20 : James F. Buchli , American astronaut.
  • June 29 : Chandrika Kumaratunga politician, fifth president of Sri Lanka.
  • July 4 : Rylko , Polish cardinal, president of the Pontifical Council for the Laity.
  • July 8 : Micheline Calmy-Rey , politician Swiss , President of the Swiss Confederation elected in 2007.
  • July 10 : Jean-Marie Poire , director, writer and French producer.
  • Aug. 12 : George Michael Micberth , writer and publisher French.
  • August 13 : Daniel Bourquin said Nunusse , Swiss saxophonist.
  • August 15 :
    • Alain Juppe , politician French, a former minister and mayor of Bordeaux.
    • Khaleda Zia , politician Bengali , former Prime Minister of Bangladesh twice.
  • August 16 : Sheila (Annie Chancel), singer French.
  • August 19 : Ian Gillan , lead singer of British rock band Deep Purple.
  • August 21 : Claude Ancion , Belgian politician of French language.
  • 24 August : Vincent Kennedy McMahon , Chairman of the WWE
  • August 31 :
    • Itzhak Perlman , violinist Israel.
    • Leonid I. Popov , Ukrainian cosmonaut.
    • Van Morrison , songwriter North Irish.
  • September 8 : Vinko Puljic , Bosnian Cardinal.
  • September 12 : Milo Manara , Italian cartoonist.
  • September 13 : Nol Godin said the Gloupier, humorous Belgian anarchist agitator.
  • September 21 : Bjarni Tryggvason , astronaut Canada.
  • September 26 : Bryan Ferry , singer-songwriter UK , co-founder of Roxy Music.
  • September 28 : Marielle Goitschel , skier French.
  • October 10 : Antonio Canizares Llovera , Spanish cardinal, archbishop of Toledo.
  • October 12 : Aurore Clment , actress French.
  • October 18 : Yldo , Showmen famous Turkish football player.
  • October 20 : George Wyner , American actor.
  • October 26 : Emmanuel Lafont , French Catholic bishop, Bishop of Cayenne.
  • November 3 : Nilda Garr , politician from Argentina , Minister of Defence.
  • November 12 : Neil Young , singer Canada.
  • November 21 : Goldie Hawn , actress, producer and director American.
  • November 23 : Susan Anspach , actress American.
  • Nov. 29 : Shirley Theroux , singer and host Quebec.
  • November 30 : Roger Glover , bassist of British rock band Deep Purple.
  • December 4 : Roberta Bondar , astronaut Canada.
  • December 9 : Michael Nouri , actor U.S..
  • December 10 :
    • Marek Grechuta , singer, composer and lyricist Polish ( 9 October 2006 ).
    • Richard M. Mullane , American astronaut.
  • December 12 : Portia Simpson-Miller , politician, Prime Minister of Jamaica.
  • December 17 : Jean-Pierre Cattenoz , French Catholic bishop, archbishop of Avignon.
  • December 19 : Jean Patrick Capdevielle , singer, songwriter and musician French.
  • December 21 : Millie Hughes-Fulford , American astronaut.
  • December 24 : Lemmy Kilmister , lead singer and bassist of Hard Rock Motrhead.
  • December 25 : Paul Willson , American actor.
  • Unspecified date:
    • Cheick Oumar Sissoko , director of Mali.
    • Ousmane Issoufi Maiga , politician Mali.
    • Antonis Antoniadis , sports Greek.

  Deaths in 1945

  

  

  Funeral of Franklin Delano Roosevelt
  • January 6 : Vladimir Vernadsky , Russian geologist.
  • January 19 : (Loss of) Rgis Messac , writer French.
  • February 6 : Robert Brasillach , French writer (executed).
  • February 8 : Robert Mallet-Stevens , a French architect.
  • March 12 : Anne Frank , a young Dutch Jewish, became famous after the publication of his newspaper.
  • March 15 : Pierre Drieu La Rochelle , French writer (suicide).
  • March 18 : Louis Iriart of Etchepare , French politician (b. 1859 ).
  • March 26 : David Lloyd George , British politician.
  • March 30 : Eugene Maes , 54, footballer French, who died in exile (b. 15 September 1890 ).
  • April 12 : Franklin Delano Roosevelt , President of the United States.
  • April 28 : Benito Mussolini , Italian dictator (executed).
  • April 30 :
    • Eva Braun , wife of Adolf Hitler (suicide).
    • Adolf Hitler , Austrian-born German dictator (suicide).
  • May ¹ : Joseph Goebbels , Nazi Minister of Propaganda (suicide).
  • May 23 : Heinrich Himmler, Nazi leader (suicide).
  • June 8 : Robert Desnos , poet , French ( 1900 ).
  • July 6 : Adolf Bertram , German cardinal, archbishop of Breslau ( March 14th 1859 ).
  • July 20 : Paul Valery , French writer (b. 30 October 1871 ).
  • August 10 : Robert Goddard , American physicist and engineer.
  • September 15 : Anton von Webern , Austrian composer.
  • September 26 : Bela Bartok , Hungarian composer.
  • October 10 : Joseph Darnand , head of the French Militia (executed).
  • October 15 : Pierre Laval , French, Chairman (executed).
  • October 19 : Plutarco Elas Calles , President of Mexico from 1924 to 1928.
  • October 26 : Paul Pelliot , French sinologist and adventurer (b. 1878 ).
  • November 25 : Georges Charpy , chemist, metallurgist French ( 1865 ).
  • December 21 : George Patton , American general (b. 11 November 1885 ).

  [ a href = "&section=16" alt = "Edit section: References"> edit] References

  1. colloquium
  2. WHEAT FOR ALGERIA
  3. LISA A. LINDSAY | Domesticity and Difference: Male Breadwinners, Working Women, and Colonial Citizenship In The 1945 Nigerian General Strike | The American Historical Review, 104.3 | The History Cooperative
  4. ambafrance-cm.org
  5. [Ethiopiques - Revue negro-African literature and philosophy.]
  6. UN Member States
  7. [DESINFOS.COM] - Hitler's Legacy: Islamic Anti-Semitism and the impact of Muslim Brotherhood
  • Portal of the contemporary world
  • Portal of the Second World War

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