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1934

Years:
One thousand nine hundred and thirty-one in 1932 in 1933 1 934 1,935 in 1936 1,937

Decades:
1900 one thousand nine hundred and ten one thousand nine hundred twenty one thousand nine hundred thirty one thousand nine hundred and forty 1950 1.96 thousand
Centuries:
XIX ^century XX ^century XXI ^century
Millennium:
^First Millennium II ^millennium ^Third Millennium

Chronologies Geographic :
Africa America ( Canada , U.S. ) Asia Europe ( France , Italy , Switzerland ) Oceania

Thematic timelines :
Aeronautics Architecture Automotive Comics Railways Movies Disney Law Economics Football Literature Music Music Theme Parks Photography Health & Medicine Science Sociology Sport Theatre Television

Calendars:
Roman Chinese Gregorian Hebrew Hindu Muslim Persian Republican

This page is about the year 1934 of the Gregorian calendar .

Summary

1 Events
2 Thematic Chronologies
- 2.1 Arts and Culture
- 2.2 Economy
3 Births in 1934
4 Deaths in 1934
5 Notes and references

Events

Africa

January : Inauguration of the railway Congo-Ocean , linking Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire (cost: 230 million gold francs against 93 planned). 127 250 men were needed for the construction of this long line of 512 km. The death of 18 000 to 23 000 workers on site to alert the public in France.
July 29 : Diouf was elected deputy of Senegal (completed in 1941 ).
¹ September : Launch of the black student in Paris.
September 3 : Bourguiba and the Neo-Destour leaders are arrested and placed under house arrest in southern Tunisia.
October 8 : The Party Neo-Destour is dissolved.
December 5 : Incident of the border between Italian Somaliland and the Empire of Ethiopia who decides to bring the dispute to the League.

Famine in Ethiopia (completed in 1935 ).
Dock strike of Mombasa.
Creation of the Ecole Normale de Katibougou ( Mali ).
Ban the cult nyabinghi.
The copper has lost 70% of its value since 1928.
Over 40% of men in the indigenous city of Elisabethville ( Lubumbashi ) are unemployed and 25% of Nairobiens.

Americas

January ¹ : Arrest of Leonard Howell , one of the founders of the Rastafarian movement.
January 25 : University of So Paulo.
February 21 : The National Guard of Nicaragua , by order of Somoza , captures and executes Sandino in Managua.
July 16 , Brazil : Reform of the Constitution to establish a corporatist regime. Getlio Vargas faces the Communists (Aliana Nacional Libertador) directed by Carlos Prestes and intergralists, Brazilian fascists (Ao Brasileira Integralista) led by Plinio Salgado. He is elected for four years as president of the Republic by the new National Assembly.
August 7 : Alfonso Lpez Pumarejo became president in Colombia (ending in 1938 ). He launched the revolution in motion "to consolidate the hold on the liberal state and weaken internal opposition Liberal Party. The state becomes the arbiter of social conflicts and facilitates the creation of unions.
August 21 : The Marines left Haiti without having succeeded in consolidating democracy.
September ¹ : Government populist Jos Mara Velasco Ibarra in Ecuador (1934 - 1935 , 1944 - 1947 , 1952 - 1956 , 1960 - 1961 , 1968 - 1972 ).
September 3 : New reciprocity treaty between Cuba and the United States. The Platt Amendment is removed from the Cuban Constitution.
November 27 : Salamanca is overthrown in Bolivia.
December ¹ : Jos Luis Tejada Sorzano , President of Bolivia (late 1936).
December ¹ : Lzaro Crdenas , populist president of Mexico (completed in 1940 ). : He managed until 1940 to root the loyalty of the masses to the revolutionary regime with a radical populism (Sesenio). It reinforces and strengthens the presidency to address the State caudillos such Plutarco Elas Calles, who dominated the period 1924 -1934.
- Crdenas stimulus distributions of land: from 1934 to 1940, 18 million hectares benefiting 800,000 farmers by the traditional institution of the ejido, a collective ownership structure that distributes plots of land in usufruct to the families. irrigation projects are launched, lines of communication built and credits.

Decree establishing the eight-hour day working in Colombia.
Congress first Afro-Brazilian Recife organized by Gilberto Freyre.

Main articles: 1934 in Canada and 1934 in Quebec.

United States

Main article: 1934 United States.

January : Recovery of gold convertibility of the dollar and adopting a new parity. Devaluation of the dollar to 59.06% of its former value.
April 12 - June 3 : Auto-Lite strike in Toledo.
April 13 : Johnson Act prohibits any loan to a government fails to fulfill its previous commitments to respect the United States.
May 23 : The gangsters Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow were killed by police in an ambush.
July 22 : Public Enemy No. 1 John Dillinger was shot down by the FBI.
August 31 : Vote of the first law of neutrality.
November: Success Democrats in elections for the Congress.

Ascent "demagogues." Father Charles Coughlin , the populist Huey Pierce Long and Dr. Townsend recruited many followers.
Resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan.
Open conflict between the U.S. and Mexico (1934 - 1938 ).
Work of the Commission Nye (1934-1935). It reveals that the U.S. would come to war in 1917 to help their bankers to recover debts to the Allies.
Drought in the Southwestern United States.
An ounce of gold = 35 U.S. dollars.

Asia

January 15 : Earthquake in Bihar and Nepal. He made 10 700 people .
March ¹ : Puyi is proclaimed emperor of Manchukuo under the reign of Kangde name (ending in 1945 ).
March 4 , Delhi : Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948), a supporter of the partition of India , was elected president of the Muslim League. Some Muslim nationalists as Abul Ala Maududi (1903-1979), grouped in the Jamaat-e-Islami , a Pakistan Islamic call. Jinnah and others are for a secular state that would protect religious minorities.

January 21 : Earthquake in British India, killing 50,000 people.
February , Indonesia : Arrest and exile Mohammad Hatta (1934-1942) and Sutan Sjahrir.
March 24 : The Tydings-McDuffie Act provides for the establishment of a Commonwealth of the Philippines and promised independence after ten years ( 4 July 1946 ).
May 9 , Netherlands East Indies : Faced with falling prices of rubber , the Netherlands should accept an international agreement setting quotas on production.
September 21 : A typhoon that killed 4,000 to Honshu in Japan. Muroto is devastated.
October ¹ , China : Surrounded by the troops of Chiang Kai-shek , the Communists abandoned the Jiangxi.
- Beginning of the Long March in China 's north, armed communist Jiangxi to Shaanxi (end October 1935 ), commissioned by Mao Zedong, who became head of the Chinese Communist Party during the march. It enables Communist troops to get in touch with the peasants.
November 29 : After a serious defeat by the Nationalists in the north of Guangxi , the Red Army of Mao managed to cross the River Xiang.
December 29 : The Empire of Japan denounced the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and waives its limit armaments. Military rearmament and Japan's rapid naval.

Riots in Java cons of tax collection in 1934 and 1935.
In the Netherlands Indies , Dr. Raden Sutono Parindra founded the organization that works to support farmers (cooperatives, credit institution, asylum for orphans, etc.). and combat illiteracy (schools). It voted by the Volksraad resolution calling for the formation of a system of self Government in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Dutch government rejected this proposal. After the failure of Parindra a new party is formed, the Gerindo (Gerakan Rakjat Indonesia, Indonesian People's Movement) who adopts a democratic program in terms of an international struggle against fascism.

Middle East

October: Mustafa Kemal Ataturk receives Gustav V of Sweden

March 16 : The High Commissioner in Syria indefinitely suspended Parliament. Tajj al-Din was charged with forming a new government but its action is strongly criticized by the nationalists. Nationalist demonstrations are increasing and are repressed by France (1934 - 1936 ).
March 27 , Palestine : Death of Musa Kazim al-Husseini. It's the end of the Islamic-Christian committee in lieu of the Arab Executive. Political parties were created, reflecting the great rivalries of Arab families: The Party of National Defense , supported the policy of collaboration with the Mandatory Power and Trans-Jordan ( December ), the Palestinian Arab Party (May 1935 ), more Arabist and Islamist, supplanting the Istiqlal.
May 20 : Treaty of Taif. Peace between Saudi Arabia and Yemen : Yemen recognized the annexation of Asir , Saudi Arabia recognizes the independence and integrity of Yemen.
December 27 : The Persia changes its name to the Iran.

Iraq : Revolt of the tribes of the Euphrates against conscription. Yassin al-Hashimi first seek to negotiate and then sends the army to suppress the movement.

Europe

June 14 : Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini in Venice

January 3 : Government Liberal Tatarescu Gheorghe in Romania (in late 1937 ).
January 7 : Beginning of the Stavisky affair in France.
January 18 : General strike in Portugal.
January 26 : The Poland concluded a nonaggression pact with the German Nazis.
February 6 : Protest in Paris unparliamentary.
February 9 : Balkan Pact ( Yugoslavia , Romania , Turkey , Greece ), to secure borders and prevent the German and Russian pressures.
February 23 : Leopold III of Belgium succeeded his father, Albert ^I , King of the Belgians died on February 17th at Marche-les-Dames.
February :
- All parties are banned in Lithuania.
- Austria Abolition pluralism party and elimination of Socialists.
- Creation of the British Union of Fascists (BUF British Union of Fascists). It totals 50,000 members and is supported by the Daily Mail (2 million copies a day).
- Walk for Hunger in the United Kingdom.
February 1934 - May 1935: Negotiations-Barthou Litvinov about the pact East ("Eastern Locarno"). The failure of a comprehensive solution for Eastern Europe will lead to the ratification of the Franco-Soviet pact in May 1935.
March 17 : Protocol of Rome ( Italy , Austria , Hungary ) to strengthen the position of Italy against Germany in the Danube regions.
March : Konstantin Pts , president of the National Assembly, put an end to democracy in Estonia and established a dictatorship.
May ¹ : Catholic and corporatist regime in Austria.
May 15 : Coup in Latvia : Krlis Ulmanis , leader of the Agrarian Party, suspend parliamentary life and sets up an authoritarian regime.
May 19 : Military coup in Bulgaria , which terminates the parliamentary system.
May : Franco-Soviet Pact and Soviet-Czechoslovak.
June 9 : The Romania ( Nicolae Titulescu ) restores diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union severed from the occupation of Bessarabia.
June 11 : The ^Third International abandon the tactic of united front against social democracy and calls for the fight against fascism.
June 14 : First meeting between Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini in Venice.
July 25 : Hitler first attempted to realize the Anschluss (union of Germany and Austria), making assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss by Nazi Austrian - failed coup, because the Italy opposes it.
July 30 : Kurt von Schuschnigg , Chancellor of Austria (completed in 1938 ).
August 21 : Italy to Austria offers military assistance in case of German invasion.

September 12 : Signing of Agreement between the Baltic, Estonia , the Lithuania and Latvia.
September 18 : Entry of the USSR to the League of Nations. Representing his country at the League, the Soviet commissar for foreign affairs, Maxim Litvinov , tirelessly between 1934 and 1939 that the Western powers make front against fascism.
September 26 : Before 200,000 people in Glasgow , Queen Mary baptizes the liner Queen Mary when it was launched.
October 9 : Assassination of Alexander I of Yugoslavia in Marseilles by a Macedonian separatist organization linked to the Croatian Ustasha , with the French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou. Tripartite Council of Regency headed by Prince Pavle Karadjordjevic (Paul), cousin of the deceased king.

November ¹ : The Labour Party won municipal elections in more than 300 cities in the UK, including London.
November 13 : Georges Theunis , Prime Minister in Belgium.
November 28 : At the House of Commons , Churchill denounced the bellicose intentions of Germany and called for increased military capabilities of the United Kingdom.
December ¹ : Murder in Leningrad secretary of the Central Committee of the Soviet Sergei Kirov. Stalin seized the opportunity to trigger a broad purge of party cadres suspected of opposing the regime. Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev were the first victims.
December 10 : The Belgian Henri de Man exposes Paris Planist his economic theses adopted by the Belgian Workers' Party.
December 29 : Fourteen defendants' Zinovievists, accused of the murder of Kirov, are sentenced to death and executed in the Soviet Union. Two thirds of the Central Committee members were executed between 1934 and 1938 , more than half the senior officers of the Red Army were arrested between 1936 and 1938).

Italy : The deficit of trade balance of 2.451 billion (1.441 in 1933 ). Italy chooses a policy of autarky.
Sweden : 38% farmers, 31% of people employed in industry, 19% in the tertiary sector.
Romania : oil production increased from 1.1 million tonnes in 1921 to 8.4 million in 1934, and declined thereafter.
Laws prohibiting anti-Semitic publications and paramilitary parades in the United Kingdom (1934-1936).
UK: Act listing of the areas affected by the crisis (distressed areas) that the state should financially support: Lowlands , Tyneside , South Wales , Yorkshire.
The Nobel Peace prize is awarded to the British Arthur Henderson (1863-1935), president of the League Conference on Disarmament ...

Germany

8 January : Inauguration in the presence of dignitaries Nazis and representatives of Deutsche Arbeitsfront , the new factory Dehomag , using the technology of punched cards and punched Hollerith , located near Berlin Lichterfelde.
January 20 : the law known Fhrerprinzip, reorganizing large German firms, putting them under the control of Nazi power.
January 30 : Law on the national organization of work.
January 30 : Removing Land of the Weimar Constitution. Removing Diets. Foundation of the Third Reich , which collects the sovereign rights of the Lnder.
February 14 : Abolition of Reichsrat.
March 7 : Emergence of the Volkswagen.
April 20 : Himmler , chief of the SS , is the head of the Gestapo.
May 30 : Opposition Front Synod of the Confessing Church: the theologian Karl Barth and Pastor Martin Niemller take a stand against the regime Nazi.
June 17 : Speech of Marburg of Franz von Papen against Nazism.
Night of 29 to June 30 : Night of Long Knives. Hitler eliminated his opponents and rivals, the leaders of SA , especially Ernst Rhm. Nearly 1,000 murders, including Kurt von Schleicher and Gregor Strasser.
June 30 : Baptism of the pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee in violation of the Treaty of Versailles.
July ¹ : Chief of the SA Ernst Roehm was executed.
August 2 : Died of old Marshal Hindenburg , the last bulwark against Hitler.
August 19 : After the death of President Paul von Hindenburg , Adolf Hitler / A> is Reichsfhrer plebiscite as Reich President and as a result of a plebiscite, referendum (89% of the vote).
August : Hjalmar Schacht was appointed Minister of Economy. He is responsible for preparing a plan that should give the Wehrwirtschaft (military economy) supplies needed: increased raw materials and food, development of national resources (fuels, synthetic rayon).
October ¹ : Hitler secretly ordered the creation of a new air force and the extension of naval and land forces.

Spain

March 4 : Merge Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista of Ramiro Ledesma Ramos with the Phalange founded in 1933 by Jos Antonio Primo de Rivera , son of the dictator.
March 28 : Alliance working pact between the CNT (anarchist) and the General Union of Workers (Socialist).
31 March : Mussolini signed a secret agreement with the monarchists for sending weapons and money to the nationalists to overthrow the republic.
April 25 : Resignation of the government Lerroux. The radical Ricardo Samper Prime Minister.
September 11 : The Communists decided to support the Socialist Workers Alliance of Francisco Largo Caballero.
October ¹ : Resignation of the Samper government. The CEDA (Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right) requires a majority stake in the new cabinet. The left refuses and threatens to spark an insurrection.
October 4 :
- The CEDA participates in government Alejandro Lerroux. The Negro bienio inaugurates a policy of reaction (cessation of reforms).
- General strike called by the UGT in Madrid and Barcelona.
October 6 : Opposed to spur the participation of government, the President of the Generalitat of Catalonia Llus Companys proclaims the total autonomy of the Catalan , but general strike fails.
October : Insurrection unionist in Asturias. A revolutionary government is in place for 15 days. The crackdown led by General Franco is fierce (4 000 deaths, 40,000 arrests).