This page is for year 1929 of the Gregorian calendar .

• July 28 : Geneva Convention , signed by 48 countries, on prisoners of war.
• October 12 : Signing of the Warsaw Convention regulating international transportation by aircraft.

Africa

• May 19 : Arrest of Andr-Grenard Matsoua.
  • Stirring matsouaniste in French Congo. Its leader Andre Grenard Matsoua founder in France in 1926 of the Association of Friendly Natives of the AEF , will be arrested and deported.

• Ethiopia : Ras Tafari repress the rebellions of the Oromo Ydjou and Ras Gougsa.
• Foundation of the Liga Nacional Africana in Luanda.
• Foundation of the Gold Coast Youth Conference.
• Petition and protest against the code of the native population and in favor of French nationality in the African colonies.
• Events in Gambia.
• Events in Uganda.
• Formation of the Senegalese Socialist Party ( Lamine Gueye or 1934 ).
• AAT Foundation ( Tanganyika African Association ), after the TTACSA.
• Creation of the Greek Orthodox Church African in Uganda.
• Grimshew report on forced labor in Black Africa returned to Geneva the International Labour Office.
• Foundation of the United African Company (UAC), by grouping the main subsidiaries of Unilever , who gets a place unprecedented on the continent (exports of oilseeds).
• Convoy Berliet on tires Touggourt to Timbuktu.

• In Kenya , the international economic crisis reaches crops in temperate zones (the area planted to maize and wheat down 60% between 1929 and 1934 ) but tropical crops ( coffee , cocoa , tea and fruits) are resistant or are recovering quickly.

America

1929 crash. The crowd gathers before the stock market after the crash

• January ¹ : Election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt as Governor of the State of New York.
• March 4 :
  • Herbert Hoover becomes the ^31st president of the United States (completed in 1933 ).
  • Mexico : Plutarco Elas Calles created the National Revolutionary Party (PNR), later Institutional Revolutionary Party , which strives for a reconciliation and a fusion of political forces in many local potentates.
• March 26 : Promulgation of an advanced social legislation and a new constitution in Ecuador.
• Textile strikes in the Carolinas and Tennessee this spring.
• October 21 : Beginning of the crisis on Wall Street. In fact, the rate of growth is zero in the first quarter for the United States.
• October 24 : " Black Thursday ". Six bankers create a pool of 240 million dollars to stem the crisis by resuming purchases.
• 28 October : The price collapse accelerates.
• October 29 : "Black Tuesday" on Wall Street ( New York ), marking the beginning of the Great Depression of the 1930s. 16.5 million shares are sold and index Dow Jones collapses. At the lowest of the session, the shares lost an average 30% of their value.
• 1 November : Closing the Black Chamber , the first structure of cryptanalysis of the United States in peacetime.
• November 7 : Opening to the public from MOMA in New York.
• November 13 : The total value of shares fell by half (index 224) from September (452). The index will fall to 58 in July 1932.
• November 18 : Earthquake Grand Banks off Newfoundland magnitude 7.2. The landslide breaks 12 submarine transatlantic cables, causing a tsunami that ravaged the south coast of Newfoundland

• The Nobel Peace prize is awarded to the U.S. Frank Billings Kellogg.
• Mexico : The importance exorbitant taken by the CROM ( Confederacin Regional Obrera Mexicana ) and the suspicion hanging over her in the assassination of Obregn fact that the regime preferred to move towards a more corporatist social policy.

Asia

• January 14
  • China : The Jiangxi Soviet came to Ruijin. It controls an area of several million people from 1929 to 1934.
  • Afghanistan : The hostility caused by the reform program of the king led to a rebellion. Amanullah abdicates. On January 17 , his brother, Anayatollah is removed by Bacha Sakau , rebel leader.
• March , China : Out of the clique of Guangxi (Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi, Huang Shaoxiong) with Chiang Kai-shek.
• May , China : Out of warlords Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang with Chiang Kai-shek in the Central Plains War (end 4 November 1930 ).
• October 17 : Mohammed Nadir Shah , the uncle of Amanullah defeated the rebels and took the crown of Afghanistan.
• December 5 : The Tajikistan became a Soviet Socialist Republic, a full member of the Soviet Union. The territory of Khojand , located in the valley of Fergana , which belonged to Uzbekistan it is attached. This state is valued because of its Persian identity in opposition to the Turkish world. Moscow , however, gives it the eastern Gorno-Badakhshan ( Pamir ), populated by Kyrgyz.
• December 24 , Dutch East Indies : Sukarno was arrested with seven other officers and sentenced to life (ending in 1931 ).
• December 29 : In British India , Jawaharlal Nehru becomes president of Congress party at the annual session of Lahore. It aims assigned full independence.

Middle East

August 23 : Massacre in Hebron. A house ransacked by Arab rioters

• March 29 : Battle of Sibilla . While the Ikhwan a dissident, Abdul Aziz Ibn Sa'ud met tribal leaders and eradicated by force the Brotherhood after several months of war and with the support of the British. The assistance of these forces him to officially recognize Iraq and Transjordan.
• August 11 : Chaim Weizmann creates Zurich the Jewish Agency , Palestinian branch of the World Zionist Organization founded in 1920 , responsible for organizing the development of Jewish settlements in Palestine.
• August 23 : Massacre in Hebron and Safed.
  • Disorders in Mandatory Palestine in August against the British policy of creating a Jewish homeland. Following a demonstration Jewish (23 August), the Arab population of Jerusalem and Hebron attack neighborhoods and new Jewish suburbs. She is joined by peasant communities in the area. The state of siege is declared by the Mandatory authorities. The rumor spread that the Jews are about to seize the mosque of Omar and the Bedouin tribes of Transjordan pass the Jordan to help their co-religionists and stormed the British barracks. The clashes caused the death of 133 Jews and 116 Arabs. The government intends agent at the end of August to move to Jerusalem to Jaffa. Of British troops from Egypt are dispatched, and a strong repression affects particularly the Arab populations.

• The British accepted the principle of independence of the Kingdom of Iraq negotiated a new treaty.

Europe

• January 6 : Royal Dictatorship on the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (completed in 1934 ). King Alexander I suspended the Constitution of 1921 proclaims the dissolution of Parliament and all political parties. It attempts to impose national unity under the leadership of the Serbs. The traditional provinces are divided into nine geographical entities, the banovines who deny the cultural identities of nations.
• January 7 : In response to the coup of Alexander I, a number of Croats are turning to terrorism and founded under the leadership of Ante Pavelic , the movement of the Ustashi (the insurgents).
• January 10 : First published in The Little Twentieth of the first comic book illustrator Georges Remi, aka Herg , titled Tintin in the Land of the Soviets.
• January 22 : Expulsion of Leon Trotsky out of the USSR.
  • Stalin became the undisputed leader of the Communist Party and the master of the country. To govern, it relies on the party apparatus and the police. He appoints his relatives - Vyacheslav Molotov , Valerian Kuibyshev , Grigory Ordzhonikidze and Kliment Voroshilov - to key positions.
• February 11 :
  • Signing of the Lateran Treaty between the Italian government Benito Mussolini and Cardinal Gasparri, Secretary of State of the Holy See. They guarantee the sovereignty of the Pope on Vatican territory, and the formality of the Catholic religion in Italy. In exchange, the Vatican renounces worldly power and recognizes the kingdom of Italy with Rome as its capital and the House of Savoy as the ruling dynasty. The Holy See gives a comfortable allowance to offset the lost territories.
  • Concordat in Rome between Mussolini and Pius XI : reconciliation between the Kingdom of Italy and the Church. Creation of the State of Vatican City as support and guarantee the independence of the Catholic Church.

• March 5 : Official birth of the television official UK (Standard 30 lines, 12.5 fps).
• March 7 - April ¹ : Student Unrest in Spain orchestrated by the Federacin Universitaria Espaola.
• March 23 : Parliamentary elections in Italy. The list of the Grand Council of Fascism is approved by 8,506,575 "yes" cons 136 198 "no." The turnout was 89.63%.
• April 8 : An Act subjecting religious societies to leave the USSR . Anti-religious policy: Stalin 1500 farm churches. The persecution is systematic.

May 19 : Universal Exposition of Barcelona

• May 19 : Expo Barcelona.
• May 25 : Foundation of the Independence Party of Iceland to become the largest party in the country.
• May 30 : Labor wins elections in the United Kingdom with 288 seats (260 for the Conservatives, the Liberals 59).
• June 7 : The Vatican is a sovereign state.
• June 8 : Beginning of the Ministry of Labor Ramsay MacDonald , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (completed in 1931 ).
• July 8 , Portugal : Salazar resigned following the Department of Justice, under the pretext that the cabinet ministers refused to endorse a circular concerning the ringing of bells as too pro-Catholic.
• August , Spain : The UGT renounces its pro-government. The left anarchist revert into hiding.
• September 5 : Aristide Briand launched the idea of European federation.
• October : Carlo Rosselli founded in Paris the movement Giustizia e Libert.
• October 3 : The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
• Nov. 19 : Bishop Manuel Gonalves Cerejeira was appointed Cardinal-Patriarch of Lisbon (end in 1971 ). It will support the Salazar regime.
• December 27 : Joseph Stalin announced the "liquidation of the kulaks as a class."
  • The kulaks (wealthy peasants) were expropriated, arrested and shot. This is returning the land to the peasants for collectivization using the system of collective farms and state farms. It is the "watershed" highlighted by Stalin's article entitled "To hell with the NEP. "

• Tiraspol is the capital of Moldova.
• Rejection of the draft constitution of the Spanish monarchy.
• Reform of municipal administration in Italy : the elected mayors were replaced by podestas appointed by the government.
• Law on the disease to the Netherlands.
• Climate: Optimum temperatures fall of Russia to Poland and Lapland (1929-1938). Advanced birch to the north.

Germany

• January 9 : Heinrich Himmler took command of the SS and in fact an elite corps.
• March 31 : Young Plan on reparations. Reducing damage caused by war Germany.
• May ¹ : Demonstration communist Berlin despite the ban.
• June 7 : Signature of the Young Plan which provides for a deferral and a lower total amount of German reparations.
• July 9 : The leader of the German Nationalist Alfred Hugenberg, allied with Adolf Hitler and the steel helmet for a referendum against the Young Plan.
• 28 - August 31 : Agreements The Hague which provide for evacuating the second zone Rhine ( Koblenz ) within three months and the third area ( Mainz and the bridgehead Cassel ) immediately after the ratification of the Young Plan for be completed by 30 June 1930.
• August 30 : Exposure to Radio Berlin. The cost of receivers has fallen nearly 50% in one year.
• September 19 : According to the Young Plan, the French troops begin to evacuate the Rhineland.
• October 3 : Death in Berlin by Gustav Stresemann.

France

Switzerland

Oceania

• December 28 : " Black Saturday ": The New Zealand colonial police kills eleven unarmed demonstrators in Apia. In response, the Mau movement seeking independence for Samoa. Much later, in 2002 , the New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark will present his apologies to the people of Samoa for the killing .

Thematic Chronologies

Arts and Culture

Fine Arts

• November 8 : Inauguration of the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in New York.
• The History of Mexico, the conquest of the future, mural of Diego Rivera National Palace of Mexico.
• Mies Van der Rohe headed the Bauhaus. He designed the flag of Germany to the exposure of Barcelona.
• Recumbent figure of the sculptor UK Henry Moore.

Economy and Society

• October 29 : Beginning of the international crisis.

United States

• By 1929, New York becomes the most dynamic city in the world, "the hub of the world economy "( Braudel ), replacing London.
• The panic that has rocked U.S. banks causes the interruption of financial flows between the U.S. and the rest of the world and Europe in particular.
• 642 failed banks.
• 4.5 million automobiles were sold in 1929 in the United States. 26.5 million vehicles in circulation. 20 million phones. 377 skyscrapers.
• The share of electricity in power plants is 70% (30% in 1914 ). The share of advertising in the GNP rose from 360 million in 1890 to 3 billion in 1929.
• Inequalities: according to a report by the Brookings Institution , the 36,000 richest families have more resources than 12 million are less fortunate, and 20 of the 27 million families do not receive 2500 dollars in annual income considered Decent. Six million of them are close to poverty (less than 1000 dollars per year).

Latin America

• The 1929 crisis in the U.S. plunged the Latin America in an economic slump which it will emerge after the Second World War. Four mechanisms combine their effects. Imports from developed countries fell sharply, depriving developing countries of their main sources of income. The terms of trade evolve in a manner unfavorable to Latin American countries. The international capital market collapses, and capital transfers to Latin America reversed and became negative between 1929 and 1932. The level of world prices is greatly reduced which penalizes the debtor countries.
• In Mexico , the crisis caused a drastic drop in purchasing power, but governments are more inclined to try to attract foreign capital and repress all social movements.
• The Brazil , already in crisis since 1924 , double the bet. He experienced the full impact of U.S. stock crach. European markets close, the prices of raw agricultural collapse especially with the rubber and coffee. The government can no longer resist the dictatorial regime falls. Currencies no longer fall, Brazilians can not buy outside, stimulating industrial activity. The production capacity is exhausted.
• The Equator is deeply affected by the global economic crisis because of its dependence on monoculture cocoa. This crisis will result in 15 years of political chaos.
• U.S. investment in Colombia rose from 2 million in 1922 to 124 million dollars.

Indonesia

• The crisis shook the Indonesian economy. The cultivation of sugar cane breaks of 178 and 140 sugar mills must be closed. The sugar will never regain its importance (7% of imports by value in 1938 against 22% in 1930). The rubber , the tea and coffee are met. Total exports decreased by two thirds from 1.577 billion guilders in 1928 to 541 million in 1932. The crisis leads to unemployment among European employees and workers in Indonesia, mainly sugar. The unemployed return to their villages crowded, causing trouble.

Europe

• 2.356 million unemployed in Germany in March. The global economic crisis reached the country at the end of the year.
• U.S. banks require immediate repayment of loans to the UK , putting many companies in difficulty. The British agriculture suffers from congestion of global markets and falling prices, as a result of the contraction of international trade (two-thirds between 1929 and 1933), exports are falling. Significant increase in the unemployment rate.
• The peasantry Romanian suffers from the slump in agricultural commodities.
• In Czechoslovakia , the economic crisis caused a 40% drop in industrial production in four years.

• The production of steel has doubled in France since 1913 (4.7 million tons in 1913, 9.7 in 1929).
• Constitution of chemical giant Unilever in the Netherlands.
• France has 22 companies employing over 10,000 people, Germany 27, and the United Kingdom 39.

Births in 1929

• January 3 : Sergio Leone , Italian film director and producer ( 30 April 1989 ).
• January 14 : Jean-Pierre Ronfard , Quebec playwright of French origin.
• January 15 : Martin Luther King Jr. , Baptist minister and American political activist, the integration of blacks ( 4 April 1968 ).
• Jan. 17 : Antonio Ignacio Velasco Garcia , Venezuelan cardinal, archbishop of Caracas ( 6 July 2003 ).
• January 20 : Jimmy Cobb , drummer for jazz American.
• January 25 : Michael Michai Kitbunchu , Thai cardinal, archbishop of Bangkok.

• February 7 : Alejandro Jodorowsky , director, actor Chile.
• February 18 : Serge Sauvion , French actor, voice of Peter Falk in the French version of Columbo.

• March 9 : Marie Cardinal , writer French.
• March 13 : Jane Rhodes , soprano.
• March 16 : Jean-Claude Vajou , political journalist ( 24 October 2003 ).

• April ¹ : Milan Kundera , Czech writer and French.
• April 5 : Hugo Claus , Belgian novelist.
• April 7 : Bob Denard , French mercenary and military ( 13 October 2007 ).
• April 8 : Jacques Brel , singer, actor and director in Belgium.
• April 14 : William E. Thornton , American astronaut.
• April 18 : Mario Francesco Pompedda , Italian Cardinal, Prefect Emeritus of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura ( 18 October 2006 ).
• April 22 : Guillermo Cabrera Infante , writer Cuban ( 21 February 2005 ).
• April 23 : George Steiner , a writer of English, German and French.

• May 2 : Edouard Balladur , French politician.
• May 4 : Audrey Hepburn , American actress ( 20 January 1993 ).
• May 7 : Jacques Jullien , French Catholic bishop, Archbishop Emeritus of Rennes.
• May 10 : Antonine Maillet , Canadian novelist.
• May 29 : Peter Higgs , British physicist.
• May 30 : George Gilson , French Catholic bishop, Archbishop Emeritus of Sens-Auxerre.

• June 10 :
  • James McDivitt , American astronaut.
  • Edward Osborne Wilson , biologist, entomologist, U.S..
• June 12 : Anne Frank.
• June 16 : Chicuelo II (Manuel Jimnez Daz), Matador Spanish ( 21 January 1960 ).
• June 17 :
  • Franois-Mathurin Gourvs , French Catholic bishop, Bishop Emeritus of Vannes.
  • Tigran Petrosian , Russian chess player.
• June 18 : Henri Glaeser , 78, director French. ( 23 July 2007 ).
• June 21 : Abdel Halim Hafez , Egyptian singer and actor. ( 30 March 1977 ).
• June 23 :
  • Ted Lapidus , designer, French.
  • Henri Pusher , composer Belgian.
  • June Carter Cash , singer Americaine. ( 15 May 2003 ).
• June 25 : Francesco Marchisano , Italian cardinal, president of the labor office of the Holy See.
• June 29 : Alexandre Lagoya classical guitarist.

• July 4 : Dario Castrillon Hoyos , Colombia Cardinal, Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy.
• July 5 : Jacqueline Harpman , Belgian writer.
• July 6 , Jean-Pierre Mocky , director of cinema.
• July 21 : Philippe Ardant , lawyer French. Professor of Constitutional Law ( 6 June 2007 ).
• July 28 , Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis- , American journalist and First Lady of the United States in 1961 to 1963.

• August 2 : Kateb Yacine , poet, playwright and novelist Algeria ( 28 October 1989 )
• August 17 : Francis Gary Powers , pilot aircraft to spy U-2 American.
• August 18 : Hugues Aufray , singer, French composer, performer and promoted folk music in France.
• August 24 : Yasser Arafat , Palestinian politician ( 11 November 2004 ).

• September 2 :
  • Hal Ashby , American film director ( 27 December 1988 ).
  • Rene Dupont , French Catholic bishop, Bishop Emeritus of Andong ( South Korea ).
• September 3 : Armand Vaillancourt , Quebec sculptor.
• September 5 : Andrian Nikolayev , Soviet cosmonaut.
• September 9 : Claude Nougaro , singer, French composer ( 4 March 2004 ).
• September 10 : Arnold Palmer , American golfer.

• October ¹ : Jean Amadou , comedian, writer, radio, French singer.
• Oct. 5 : Richard Gordon , American astronaut.
• October 13 : Walasse Ting , Chinese painter.
• October 21 :
  • Pierre Bellemare , host and producer of French radio and television.
  • Ursula K. Le Guin , American writer.
• October 22 : Lev Yashin , goalkeeper Soviet.
• October 28 : Marcel Bozzuffi , film actor born in Rennes.
• October 31 :
  • Paul-Marie Guillaume , French Catholic bishop, Bishop Emeritus of Saint-Die.
  • Bud Spencer , Italian actor.

• November 7 : Marc Favreau , Quebec actor ( 17 December 2005 ).
• November 9 : Imre Kertesz , Hungarian writer.
• November 12 :
  • Grace Kelly (Grace Patricia) American actress and princess of Monaco , ( 14 September 1982 ).
  • Michael Ende , German writer of fantasy novels ( 29 August 1995 ).
• November 15 : Francis Favreau , French Catholic bishop, Bishop Emeritus of Nanterre.
• November 18 : William Joseph Knight , USAF astronaut ( 8 May 2004 ).
• November 23 : Georges Lagrange , French Catholic bishop, Bishop Emeritus of Gap.
  • November 24 : George Moscone , Mayor of San Francisco and friend of Harvey Milk , who was also murdered in 78 , certainly by Dan White.
• December 6 : Philippe Bouvard , author-journalist-presenter French.
• December 7 : Manolo Gonzlez , matador Spanish ( 25 December 1987 ).
• December 8 : Raymond Seguy , French Catholic bishop, Bishop Emeritus of Autun.
• Dec. 9 : John Cassavetes , American actor and director.
• December 16 : Jean-Charles Thomas , French Catholic bishop, Bishop Emeritus of Versailles.
• December 18 : Jzef Glemp , Polish cardinal, archbishop emeritus of Warsaw.

Deaths in 1929

• January 13 : Wyatt Earp (80 years), avenger of the American West (b. 1848 ).

• February 3 : Agner Krarup Erlang , Danish mathematician (b. ¹ January 1878 ).

• March 20 : Ferdinand Foch , Marshal of France , statesman (b. 1851 ).

• April 4 : Carl Benz , mechanics German , the founder of Daimler-Benz AG ( 1844 ).

• June 25 : George Courteline , playwright French ( 1858 ).

• July ¹ : Wenceslau de Moraes , naval officer and writer Portuguese.

• August 19 : Serge Diaghilev , the inventor ( Russian ), animator and director of the troupe Ballets Russes ( 1872 ).
• August 24 : Karel van de Woestijne , writer Belgian (b. 10 March 1878 ).

• September 23 : Louis-Ernest Dubois , French cardinal, archbishop of Paris (b. September ^1, 1856 ).

• October ¹ : Antoine Bourdelle , sculptor French ( 1861 ).
• October 3 : Gustav Stresemann , politician and Chancellor German (b. 1878 ).
• October 28 : Bernhard von Blow politician and Chancellor German (b. 1849 ).

• November 3 : January Niecisaw Baudouin de Courtenay , linguist Polish (b. 13 March 1845 ).
• November 24 : Georges Clemenceau , statesman, French ( 1841 ).

• December 17 : Ted Wilde , American director (b. 1893 ).
• December 20 : Emile Loubet , a former French president (b. 1836 ).

References

• Portal between the two world wars
• Portal of the contemporary world
• Portal between the two world wars

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